市场竞争、竞争阶段与产业国际竞争力

波特等国外学者普遍认为,一个国家产业内的市场竞争能够提升该产业的国际竞争力,而本文通过我国彩电业的实证研究却得出了与此相反的结论。由此,本文以“竞争阶段”这一概念为基础,提出一个新的分析框架统一了上述两种不同的观点:市场竞争强度与产业国际竞争力之间存在着一个类似于倒U型的关系,最适的竞争强度应该出现在寡头阶段,我国与发达国家产业所处竞争阶段的不同造成了研究结论上的差异。现阶段我国产业多数处于分散型竞争状态,引导形成适度集中的寡头市场结构是有利于提高产业国际竞争力的正确政策选择。     

东北老工业基地振兴与引进外资

本文以当前东北老工业基地振兴战略决策实施中亟待解决的难点问题为研究对象,确立了以外资和企业投资为主,政府投资为引导并改善投资环境为辅的综合投资体系。将政府的各级机构、各项职能以及各种政策工具结合一起,设计出东北老工业基地有效引进与利用外资的投资系统,为政府在东北老工业基地振兴中的职能衔接和政策协调提供参考。     

产业集群"溢出效应"研究——供应链视角

产业集群这一合作竞争的组织形式,带来了供应链总利润的增加,波特称之为“溢出效应”。本文在剖析了产业集群实质的基础上,从供应链的视角定量地研究并揭示了产业集群“溢出效应”现象背后深刻的机理:产业集群内供应链成员通过相互之间的分工协调,降低集群内库存成本并缩短提前期,也显著降低了集群内的交易成本。该机理的研究和揭示为给我国企业经营管理带来有益的启发和借鉴。     

Impression Management Tactics and Performance Ratings: A Moderated-Mediation Framework

Purpose: The objective of this study is to contribute to the sales management literature by analyzing whether self-monitoring dimensions (the ability to adjust the presentation of one’s self and the sensitivity to the expressive behaviors of others) play a moderating role in the use of impression management—supervisor liking—performance rating nomological network.

Methodology/approach: Empirical analysis is based on dyadic data from 122 industrial salespeople and their sales managers in 9 different industries. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the psychometric proprieties of the measurement scales, and conditional process analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses.

Research implications: The results obtained indicate that the use of supervisor-focused impression management tactics is an indirect antecedent of a salesperson’s performance rating through sales manager liking, but not the self-focused tactics. Results also show that a self-monitoring dimension i.e., the ability to adjust the presentation of one’s self, moderates the “impression management—supervisor liking—performance rating” chain. These results provide an increased understanding of the processes involved in sales managers—salespeople’s interactions.

Practical implications: The main implication for salespeople is that the use of impression management tactics to influence performance ratings only is effective when they use supervisor-focused tactics because attempts to influence via self-focused tactics will not have any effect. The most important implication for sales managers’ is that not all impression management tactics are successfully executed and that the identification of combinations of impression management tactics and the levels of salespeople’s self-monitoring can positively influence performance appraisals by generating evaluative biases. Given that evaluative biases can produce inequitable behaviors by sales managers in the task assignments and support provided to the salespeople, it is important that sales managers are aware of when they can occur (i.e., when salespeople with a moderate ability to adjust their self-presentation use supervisor-focused tactics).

Originality/value/contribution of the article: This article contributes to the existing knowledge by two important means. First, this study proposes a model and presents an empirical test of constructs that mediate (i.e., supervisor liking) and moderate (i.e., self-monitoring dimensions) the “use of impression management tactics—sales manager liking—performance appraisal” relation. This model responds to calls for studies that analyze how impression management tactics are related to performance appraisal and when the relation between the use of these tactics and performance rating occurs. Two, this study uses data from both salespeople and their sales managers, which minimizes any risk of common method variance bias.     

Assessing Industrial Buyer Preferences: Using the Swait-Louviere Test to Test the Key Informant Assumption

When using professional buyers to study an organizations buying behavior an important consideration is whether their preferences reflect those of the organization. Since this is a key informant problem, the present article focuses on the issue of the degree to which key informants can be used to provide insights into their own organizations preferences. We conduct a direct test of the key informant assumption using the Swait-Louviere test. In this test preferences from a choice experiment using actual buyers, and from market decisions made by the organization, are estimated separately, then jointly in multinomial logit models. We found that buyers experimental preferences were similar to estimates obtained from the market decisions. Buyers preferences were closer to the intuitive preferences of the organizations top executives than the estimates based on past market decisions, although a model based on the combined data outperformed either. We discuss the implications of these results for industrial buying research.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

关于物流企业税收政策的几个问题

为了解决物流企业税收政策方面存在的突出问题,国家有关部门相继采取了一系列政策措施。本文认为,从国家政策层面解决物流企业在税收方面遇到的突出问题,是国家有关部门支持我国现代物流业发展的重要举措。但是,物流业是新兴的产业,涉及面广,各地情况千差万别,对国家政策的理解和执行也不尽一致,在政策执行过程中存在着这样或那样的问题,需要在实践中研究解决。作者在调研基础上提出了十个问题:一是关于物流企业的认定问题;二是关于试点企业所属企业的问题;三是关于自开票纳税人资格认定的问题;四是关于非试点物流企业的问题;五是关于第二批试点企业的申报问题;六是关于整合个体户车辆的发票抵扣问题;七是关于仓储业发票税率偏高和不能抵扣增值税的问题;八是关于仓库租金能否抵扣的问题;九是关于所得税属地缴纳的问题;十是关于减轻税负和涵养税源的关系问题。     

思茅市茶产业发展的科技支撑体系建设研究

思茅市政府非常重视科技对茶叶产业发展的支撑作用,已取得了一定的成效。但由于基础条件落后,财力有限,实际支持力度不够,效果不佳。具体来看,在茶叶种植和加工生产这两个环节,科技的支撑作用比较显著,而在科技体系建设和技术标准构建上明显滞后,而且科技的转化机制不畅,严重影响了科技支撑作用的发挥。因此,在科技基础平台建设上要加大投入,同时还要借鉴域外经验,完善技术推广体系。     

我国产业技术创新能力的若干思考

中国产业发展的关键是提高产业技术创新能力。我国技术创新所处的新环境对技术创新能力提出很大的挑战,而科技水平不高和创新机制不完善说明了我国产业技术创新能力还不高,与发达国家还有很大的差距,从而提出了现阶段提高我国产业技术创新能力的对策。     

开放经济下的产业安全问题探析

本文认为,随着经济全球化进程的不断深化,开放经济、引进外资已经成为发展中国家促进本国经济发展的基本国策。但是如果不加限制地扩大外资的规模也会产生负面影响,即出现产业控制倾向,进而引发产业安全问题,这是事关国家经济安全的重大问题。对产业安全问题的研究,无论在现实经济运行还是在理论研究中,都具有非常重要的意义。随着国家经济结构的调整和产业升级的进程,产业安全的内涵和外延也将会有所拓展,金融安全、能源安全、网络安全、幼稚产业保护、经济结构、产业结构调整等都将成为产业安全研究所应关注的问题。     

Value Co-Creation Processes—Early Stages of Value Chains Involving High-Tech Business Markets: Samsung–Qualcomm Semiconductor Foundry Businesses

Purpose: This research aimed to identify both the specialized resources and competences for value co-creation when the value co-creation phenomenon is extended to the early stage of the value chain. Further, it proposes a framework that can analyze the value co-creation process in the high-tech business-to-business (B-to-B) market.

Methodology/approach: The research methodology was based on building a theory from a case study. The qualitative data was coded based on the grounded theory coding after collecting data from multiple sources.

Findings: Four critical resource types (financial resources, knowledge resources, efficiency resources, and intellectual resources) and five competence types (relational capability, collaboration capability, strategic capability, innovation capability, and managing capability) were constructed as the principal factors for value co-creation at the early stage in the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market. Among the four resources and five competences, intellectual resource and strategic capability associated with value co-creation were unique findings in our case research.

Research implications: Our results provided new insights, which the value co-creation can be extended to the early stages in the value chain, such as the research and development (R&D) stage, in the high-tech B-to-B market, whereas extant value research was more focused on the late stages of the value chain. The reciprocal value co-creation process, which used four resources and five competences of both the supplier and customer, was proposed as an integrated framework to co-create value at the early stage of the value chain within the high-tech B-to-B market.

Practical implications: A supplier’s R&D, marketing, manufacturing, planning departments and the customer can utilize the defined resources as well as competences at different stages of the value chain in order to co-create value and improve their performance. In particular, the marketing department of the supplier needs to turn their eyes to the early stages in the value chain so as to seek a value co-creation strategy.

Originality/value/contribution: A value co-creation strategy was sought from a different perspective, extending from a late stage to an early stage in the value chain of the high-tech B-to-B market. The integrated research framework, combining resources and competences of the supplier and customer, was established to analyze the value co-creation phenomenon.