以思想大解放促进广西地方经济和社会信息化建设

国电信集团股份有限公司广西分公司（以下简称中国电信广西公司）围绕“解放思想改革创新,全面转型创建一流”的主题。扎扎实实开展继续解放思想大讨论活动,在转变思想观念、改进工作作风上迈出新步伐,在企业发展、改革、转型上开创新局面,在服务地方经济发展、信息化建设上取得新突破,为建设富裕文明和谐新广西作出了贡献。     

Goodwill write-off and financial market behaviour: An analysis of possible relationships

The aim of this contribution is to verify whether there exists a reaction of financial markets to the new accounting method for goodwill introduced by SFAS 142 and IAS 36. Our research hypothesis is that financial markets should have no significant reaction to the goodwill write-off following the impairment test, since the latter's outcome represents an economic estimate without financial significance. The hypothesis was checked by the analysis of the companies added to the Standard & Poor's Europe 350 index over a three-year period, taking note of goodwill write-off announcements and relating them with the stock market prices and their volatility. The results demonstrate a correlation between the goodwill write-off and the behaviour of financial markets, while the same connection cannot be evinced for prices volatility. Also, what comes out from our analysis is that markets need a relatively long period, over one semester, before absorbing in full the effects resulting from the write-off announcement.     

Overcoming the Trend Toward Healthier Foods: The Impact of Advertising and Intangibles on Investor Returns in the Packaged Food Industry

The study analyzes the impact of advertising, goodwill, and other intangibles on investor returns in the consumer packaged food and beverage industry during 2008–2012, a timeframe during which smaller brands wrestled $18 billion in sales away from large manufacturers of processed foods. The findings demonstrate that those firms that were able to allocate a greater percentage of their revenue to their ongoing advertising efforts were able to enhance investor holding period returns (HPR). In addition, those firms with a higher ratio of intangible assets other than goodwill to total assets were also able to enhance HPR. However, there was not a significant positive relationship between the ratio of acquired goodwill to total assets and HPR. Hence, packaged food and beverage manufacturers are advised to seek competitive advantages through their own brand-building efforts rather than seeking to enhance investor returns through a strategy based on company mergers and acquisitions.     

The Differential Value Relevance of S&P's Core Earnings Versus GAAP Earnings: The Role of Stock Option Expense

In 2002, Standard & Poor's (S&P) introduced Core Earnings as a proprietary, uniform earnings metric, with the goal of improving financial reporting. The distinguishing feature of Core Earnings is its consistent treatment of seven adjustments to GAAP earnings for which there is no consensus adjustment by managers and analysts. We use stock price and return data to assess whether investors perceive Core Earnings to be more value relevant than GAAP earnings. The implementation of FASB 123R changed the calculation of GAAP and Core Earnings. This change allows us to assess the role of stock option expense in the valuation of earnings numbers by partitioning the sample into pre‐ and post‐FASB 123R periods and creating consistent measures of GAAP and Core Earnings. Our price results indicate that Core Earnings is more value relevant than GAAP earnings in the pre‐period after controlling for stock option expense, and in the post‐FASB 123R periods. The price results provide empirical evidence consistent with S&P's expectation that a uniformly calculated earnings measure is a more consistent and useful indicator of current performance and future earnings.     

Examining the Patterns of Goodwill Impairments in Europe and the US

We examine the patterns of goodwill impairments in Europe and in the US over the period from 2006 to 2015, for a sample of more than 35,000 firm-year observations. We define the timeliness of goodwill impairments as the frequency of accounting impairments conditional to indications of economic impairments. We measure indications of economic impairment with three metrics: equity market value minus equity book value less than goodwill, market-to-book smaller than one and negative earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA). Our research strategy leads us to draw very different conclusions than those in the recent EFRAG (2016) study. While median levels of goodwill on the books between US and European firms are relatively similar, we find several indications that US firms recognise timelier impairments, at least during 2008 and 2009, that is, the early years of the financial crisis. We further document that US impairers write down a much greater percentage of their beginning balance of goodwill than European impairers. During the financial crisis, the median level of impairment by US firms was 63% of opening goodwill in 2008 and 40% in 2009, whereas median European write-downs were only 6% and 7% of opening goodwill, respectively. Even though European firms are more likely to impair over multiple years, the cumulative impairments never come close to the level of US firms, be it in a single year or cumulative over multiple years. We also find that the frequency of accounting impairment is small compared to the number of firms presenting evidence of economic impairment: only 20–25% of firms recognise impairments depending on the measure of economic impairment. This has often been interpreted by academics as a sign of untimely write-offs. Accounting differences between US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards are unlikely to explain our results. One caveat of our analysis is that it does not allow us to draw conclusions on whether the observed differences between US and European firms are driven by differences in conditional conservatism and/or big bath accounting practices.     

Governance or reputation? Flexible tax enforcement and excess goodwill: Evidence from the taxpaying credit rating system in China

This study investigates the effect of flexible tax enforcement on firms’ excess goodwill using unique manually collected data on taxpaying credit rating in China from 2014 to 2021. We document that A-rated taxpayer firms have less excess goodwill; A-rated firms reduce excess goodwill by 0.005 vis-a-vis non-A-rated firms, which accounts for 100% of the mean value of excess goodwill. This finding holds after multiple robustness tests and an endogeneity analysis. Moreover, this negative effect is more pronounced in firms with low information transparency, that are non-state-owned and that are located in regions with low tax enforcement intensity. The channel test results suggest that taxpaying credit rating system as flexible tax enforcement reduces firms’ excess goodwill through a reputation-based effect and not a governance-based effect. This study reveals that the taxpaying credit rating system in China as flexible tax enforcement can bring halo effect to A rating firms, thereby limiting irrational M&As and breaking goodwill bubble.     

对自创商誉会计的思考

自创商誉符合资产的定义,应予以确认,并采用公允价值计量。当企业在连续若干年内总体市价都大于可辨认净资产公允价值时,开始确认自创商誉,并在以后逐年评估,对自创商誉不断再确认。对自创商誉的摊销可采用逐年重估法。     

借壳上市有关壳资源的会计计量问题探究——以华源股份为例

按我国现行规定,企业借壳上市过程中形成反向购买的,若构成业务则需确认商誉,否则按权益性交易处理。若壳公司保留少量业务,上市公司要么确认巨额商誉,要么不得不放弃这些少量业务,使上市公司陷入两难的处境。本文从企业整体价值出发,将借壳方的购买行为划分为取得上市地位的买壳和购买留存少量业务两部分。对于买壳行为,按权益性交易处理,不确认商誉;对于购买留存少量业务的行为,按照购买法确认商誉。对于壳资源价值计量,本文通过对华源股份的案例分析,建议采用协商定价的方法以化解壳公司留存少量业务情况下的壳资源和商誉计量问题。     

并购商誉、商誉减值与股票错误定价

以近年来上市公司频发的并购重组为背景,选取2007—2019年我国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了并购商誉对股票错误定价的影响。研究发现,商誉加剧了并购方的股票错误定价,高商誉的公司股价被严重高估,计提商誉减值能够向投资者传递增量信息,缓解商誉导致的股票错误定价。进一步研究发现,会计稳健性和投资者情绪在并购商誉对股票错误定价的影响中发挥了部分中介作用。商誉对股票错误定价的影响在管理层持股高、分析师跟踪人数多的情况下更为显著,上市公司大股东及管理层存在利用并购商誉导致的股价高估实现高位减持的行为。研究结论有助于投资者对并购商誉正确定价,提高资本市场定价效率。     

Perceived usefulness,ease of use and user acceptance of blockchain technology for digital transactions – insights from user-generated content on Twitter

Although blockchain has attracted a great deal of attention from academia and industry there is a lack of studies on acceptance drivers. This study explores blockchain acceptance by mining the collective intelligence of users on Twitter. It maps blockchain user acceptance drivers to technology acceptance constructs. The analysis shows that users are attracted by security, privacy, transparency, trust and traceability aspects provided by blockchain. On Twitter more discussions on blockchain benefits than on drawbacks. Initial coin offering (ICO) is extensively discussed. The study provides guidelines for managers and concludes by presenting the limitations of the study along with future research directions.