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21.
22.
Changing trends and the nature of the work force dictate increased personal responsibility by employees and expanded use of
self-management practices. Nevertheless, organizations also feel the need to maintain external control. We propose a progressive
view of accountability theory which can resolve the dilemma of how internal and external control can effectively coexist.
Success of accountability forces is determined primarily by the relationship between the principal (party to whom one is accountable)
and the agent (employee). The agent’s felt responsibility is enhanced to the extent that accountability leads to the structuring
of expectations, the agent’s perceptions of the task or activity as significant, and the agent’s perception of control over
the situation. Propositions that may be used to guide future research are offered throughout the article. 相似文献
23.
In this paper we study a generalization of the dynamic Leontief input–output model. We extend the standard dynamic Leontief model with the balance equation of non-renewable resources. Obviously, the non-renewable stocks will decrease, exploiting primary resources. In this study we examine the controllability of this extended model by taking the consumption as the control parameter. Assuming balanced growth for both consumption and production, we investigate how long these scarce resources will cover the input needs of production and how the lifetime of the system depends on the balanced growth rate and on the consumption. In doing so, we apply classic results from control theory and on eigenvalue problems in linear algebra. 相似文献
24.
文章介绍了在直流并励电动机控制中引进模糊自动控制,可以实现电动机恒流起动、恒速运行,降低电机的故障率,保障它的运行。 相似文献
25.
论制度变迁的成本约束 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
制度变迁的关键是成本约束,这是制度本身产生的根本性要求。制度变迁是成本和收益相权衡和比较的产物,制度设计和安排必须充分考虑到制度变迁的成本和收益,减少制度变迁的阻力,提高制度运行的效率。 相似文献
26.
消化吸收是我国技术引进后实现良性循环的重要环节,但目前一直存在效果不佳的问题。为了充分发挥技术引进的后发优势,通过应用相似系统理论,从我国青少年成长过程期间可能遇到的问题及预防措施来类比我国技术引进消化吸收工作中存在的不足,并给出相应的建议措施。 相似文献
27.
邓启惠 《生态经济(学术版)》1993,(6):23-27
经济体制改革的理论基础不仅仅是社会主义市场经济理论,生态经济理论也是其中之一,这是由生态经济理论原则及特点所决定了的。同时,改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,在新体制的建立过程中,也必须注意实现生态经济协调的几个问题。 相似文献
28.
Improved crop–fallow systems in the humid tropics can simultaneously sequester atmospheric carbon emissions and contribute to sustainable livelihoods of rural populations. A study with an indigenous community in eastern Panama revealed a considerable biophysical potential for carbon offsets in small-scale slash-and-burn agriculture through longer fallow periods, improved fallow management, secondary forest development, and agricultural intensification. Based on soil and biomass carbon measurements, estimated annual sequestration rates amount to 0.3−3.7 t C ha− 1 yr− 1. Despite such potential, the economic benefits of initiatives aimed at sequestration of carbon in the community are likely to be rather unequally distributed within the community. Heterogeneity in livelihood strategies and uneven asset endowments among households – factors often overlooked in the ongoing carbon and sustainable development debate – are expected to strongly affect household participation. Indeed, only the better-endowed households that have also managed to diversify into more lucrative farm and non-farm activities are likely to be able to participate in and thus benefit from improved crop–fallow systems that capture carbon. Economic, ethical, institutional, and technical concerns need to be taken into account when designing community carbon management and investment plans. 相似文献
29.
并行审计技术在企业中的应用探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章通过分析企业计算机信息系统的发展对企业内部审计工作的影响,认为目前企业审计工作存在的主要问题是现有审计技术不能实现适时取证。在此基础上,文中阐述了并行审计的具体方法及在审计取证的不同情况下的应用。 相似文献
30.
Most IS research in both the technical/rational and socio-technical traditions ignores or marginalizes the emotionally charged behaviours through which individuals engage in, and cope with the consequences of, IS practice and associated organizational change. Even within the small body of work that engages with emotions through particular conceptual efforts, affections are often conceived as a phenomenon to be eradicated – an affliction requiring a cure. In this paper, I argue that emotions are always implicated in our lived experiences, crucially influencing how we come to our beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong. I draw from the theoretical work of Michel Foucault to argue for elaborating current notions of IS innovation as a moral and political struggle in which individuals’ beliefs and feelings are constantly tested. Finally, I demonstrate these ideas by reference to a case study that had considerable emotional impact, and highlight the implications for future work. 相似文献