个体主动性人格对学习能力影响的实证研究

探讨了员工个体的主动性人格特质对其学习能力的影响及其作用机制,以及员工的工作卷入和反馈寻求在这一关系中的中介作用。运用企业236个员工数据进行分析,得出以下结论:企业员工的主动性人格显著促进其学习能力;员工的主动性人格显著强化其工作卷入和反馈寻求;员工对内的工作卷入促进了其学习能力,且在主动性人格和学习能力的关系中起部分中介的作用;员工对外的反馈寻求促进其学习能力,且在主动性人格和学习能力的关系中起部分中介作用。研究结论为组织个人学习能力的提升提供了一个重要的前因变量,并对员工工作卷入与反馈寻求的中介作用机制进行了探讨,丰富了个人学习研究,并提出了相关的实践建议。     

Overeducation,job mobility and earnings mobility among holders of first degrees

Overeducation has been researched extensively for nearly three decades, but some major issues in regard to it are still topics of ongoing debate. By using a panel data, that combines a survey of two cohorts of Israeli first-degree holders and data from administrative sources on jobs and wages, we examine the contribution of job turnover, cognitive abilities and continuing graduate studies to the likelihood of overeducation and wage dynamics. The study produces four main findings. First, rapid job-switching makes a negative contribution to the increase in employee’s wage and there is a negative correlation between two variables – an employee’s tenure and the number of past employers in the years after the completion of degree studies – and the probability of being overeducated. Second, the contribution of the individual’s cognitive abilities and quantitative reasoning skills to the likelihood of becoming overeducated is negative. Third, the wages of overeducated employees are some 11% lower and rise more slowly than the wages of those whose level of schooling corresponds to their jobs; this outcome may be interpreted as indicating that the ‘scars’ of being overeducated tend to be long-lasting. Fourth, the overeducated workers have lower propensity to continue to advanced academic studies.     

Perceived trade-off between education and sports career: evidence from professional football

To explore the attitudes towards risky career choices of young people in highly competitive environments, we surveyed almost 1000 football players in the youth academies of German professional clubs (Bundesliga), who must generally decide early in their careers whether or not to risk quitting school to focus solely on a professional football career. Based on the survey responses, we empirically analysed which factors influence these youths’ tendencies to choose a high-risk career option over a lower risk one. Our results seem to indicate that such risk taking in competitive environments can be explained by potential benefits expected from this decision, as well as judgments about the likelihood of achieving the desired career. Risk attitudes towards career choices vary by differences in individuals’ estimates of the potential benefits and in particular, in their own assessments of the likelihood of success, which is an important driver of risk acceptance. We also found that opportunity cost considerations influence risk acceptance: the better the low-risk option, the less willing the individual to give it up for a high-risk alternative. In addition, both national origin and level of cultural integration play a role in attitudes towards risky career choices, with reductions in the latter increasing the risk premium of quitting school.     

Job Creation and Job Destruction in a Regulated Labor Market: The Case of Austria

We study Austrian job reallocation in the period of 1978 to 1998, using a large administrative dataset where we correct for spurious entries and exits of firms. We find that on average 9 out of 100 randomly selected jobs were created within the last year, and that about 9 out of randomly selected 100 jobs were destroyed within the next year. Hence, the magnitude of Austrian job flows seems to be comparable to other countries, similar to the well-known results of Davis et al. (1996) for the United States. Job reallocation appears to be driven primarily by idiosyncratic shocks. However, job creation increases significantly during cyclical upswings whereas job destruction rises in downturns. We also find substantial persistence of job creation and destruction. The pronounced pattern of job reallocation rates falling with firm size and age continues to hold when we use a set of controls. Finally, we show that – controlling for sector and firm size composition – Austrian job reallocation rates are only half the rates for the U.S. This result is not surprising given the impact of tighter regulation and labor law in Austria.     

员工工作满意度、工作行为与组织承诺关系述评

员工工作满意度与组织承诺是研究员工工作行为的理论基础。根据已有的研究提出假设:员工工作满意度与员工组织公民行为正相关,与离职行为负相关;组织承诺与员工组织公民行为及角色内行为正相关,与离职行为负相关;员工工作满意度与组织承诺正相关;组织承诺在员工工作满意度对员工工作行为的影响中起着中介作用。     

饭店业工作要求对员工工作态度的影响研究——JD-R模型在中国饭店业情境下的验证

如何缓解饭店业员工工作压力、提高员工工作满意度和降低其离职意向,已成为业界与学界共同关注的焦点。本文运用6家饭店271份调查问卷结果,采用PASW18.0多元调节回归分析对工作要求-资源模型(JD-R)进行了验证,结果表明:工作要求和工作资源都分别对工作态度具有主效应;工作控制没有在工作要求即员工工作态度间起调节作用;一般自我效能仅在超负荷工作量-工作满意度、人际冲突-离职意向间起调节作用。此研究结论对饭店业人力资源管理实践具有一定启示意义。     

我国主要海洋产业对劳动力就业的拉动效应分析

就业问题事关国计民生.积极寻找新的就业增长点,缓解当前就业压力,促进经济稳定增长已成为政府、学者和公众关注的焦点话题.本文以我国主要海洋产业为研究对象,从就业弹性和单位岗位贡献两个角度出发,对主要海洋产业的就业拉动效应做出分析.研究结果表明:我国主要海洋产业生产总值每提高1%,将使主要海洋产业就业人数增加3.28万人次;就业弹性显著为正,但呈现出下降的趋势;主要海洋产业群内部各子产业的单位岗位贡献差异明显,其中海洋交通运输业和海洋油气业对就业的带动作用较大,且传统优势产业海洋渔业、滨海旅游业等仍扮演重要角色.     

Modeling and optimization of a container drayage problem with resource constraints

This paper investigates the problem faced by firms that transport containers by truck in an environment with resource constraints. The considered area is export-dominant. As a result, there are three types of container movements as inbound full, outbound full, and inbound empty movements. Both the time windows at the terminal and at the customers’ places and the operation times are considered. Empty containers are also regarded as separate transportation resources besides trucks. The total operating time including waiting time of all the trucks in operation is minimized. The problem is first formulated as a directed graph and then mathematically modeled based on the graph. It falls into a multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m-TSPTW) with resource constraints. An algorithm based on reactive tabu search (RTS) is developed to solve the problem. A number of randomly generated examples indicate that the algorithm can be applied to the real world.     

A decision method for supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing

Although supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing is a very important decision problem, research concerning this issue is still relatively scarce. This paper proposes a decision method for selecting a pool of suppliers for the provision of different service process/product elements. It pioneers the use of collaborative utility between partner firms for supplier selection. A multi-objective model is built to select desired suppliers. This model is proved to be NP-hard, so we develop a multi-objective algorithm based on Tabu search for solving it. We then use an example to show the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are also conducted to further test the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

指导关系对新生代农民工离职意向的影响——工作满意度的中介效应

作为人力资源培训和开发的方式之一,指导关系因满足新生代农民工职业发展需要和社会心理需要得到企业越来越多的重视。文章基于社会交换理论,通过深度访谈和问卷调查,对指导关系与新生代农民工离职意向之间的关系及作用机制进行探讨。研究发现:1指导关系与新生代农民工的工作满意度显著正相关;2指导关系与新生代农民工的离职意向显著负相关;3工作满意度对指导关系与离职意向的关系具有完全中介效应。在此基础上提出企业应积极开展并完善指导关系项目。