Agency hazards and alliance portfolios

Prior research over several decades has catalogued many positive motives underlying firms' decisions to engage in joint ventures and other forms of alliances. In this empirical analysis, we investigate whether agency problems brought about by the separation of ownership and control also stimulate the development of firms' joint venture portfolios. By focusing on joint ventures, as opposed to diversification in general or acquisitions, we address the recent debate on agency theory's domain. Results from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms' alliance portfolios offer supporting evidence, and comparable findings are obtained for international and domestic joint ventures. Agency hazards are also found to bring about extensions of firms' nonequity alliance portfolios in both the international and domestic settings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Evidence on Product-Market Diversifying Acquisitions and Joint Ventures by U.S. Banks

We examine the acquisition and joint venture strategies of U.S. banks from 1980 to 1998 to diversify into non-banking sectors. We find that the market responds favorably to both types of expansions, with the gains being shared between acquiring banks and their targets and venture banks and their non-bank partners, respectively. Acquisitions expose acquiring banks to significant increases in nonsystematic, market, and total risk, while joint ventures result in significant decreases in the nonsystematic and total risk measures for participating banks. Our results suggest that product-market expansions, in general, provide U.S. banks with value-enhancing opportunities, and that joint ventures may improve both the return and risk characteristics of the partner banks.     

合资企业不稳定性研究的综述

本文对现有合资企业不稳定性研究文献进行了系统分析、归纳。综合分析了引起合资企业不稳定性的几种因素的结论,即合资企业所在国的经济政治体制背景、合资企业成员资产的相互依赖和竞争性、合资企业的文化冲突、合资企业的组织结构、合资企业的效益等等。根据现有的研究结论,本文提出了我国如何正确对待和利用合资企业不稳定性、调整利用外资战略的建议。     

以知识联盟塑核心能力——论我国内资旅行社的市场竞争战略

随着我国旅行社行业的不断开放,小、散、弱、差的内资旅行社必须紧紧把握世界范围内的服务产业知识化的浪潮,塑造自己的核心能力,改造成为知识服务实体,方能在今后的竞争中生存和获胜。旅行社要获得持续的竞争优势,在满足顾客需求成为企业生命线的今天,必须具备的两个能力是满足顾客需求和发挥员工的积极性和智慧。旅行社的核心能力可以而且必须通过知识联盟来实现。     

制度变革:农村信用社改革与发展的突破口

合作制是我国农村信用社制度的基石。合作制的实现形式有经典合作制与股份合作制。经典合作制的某些原则在我国并不必然具有现实可操作性,而股份合作制的开放性、结合性和非均衡性却能够给我国农村信用社带来新的生机。我国农村信用社渐进式制度创新的路径选择应是:明晰产权;落实民主管理;强化一级法人制;施行教育与培训。     

环境质量变化对游客福利的影响——基于旅行费用和条件行为联合数据

环境质量是影响游客旅游需求及福利的重要因素,但单一使用陈述性偏好法或揭示性偏好法仍存在诸多局限性。为探究环境质量改变对游客需求及福利变化的具体影响,结合旅行费用与条件行为数据,在明确现有环境质量状况下景区价值基础上,评估环境质量改善与恶化两种情景下,游客消费者剩余的变化。结果表明,环境质量改变直接影响旅行次数,从而增加或减少消费者剩余,但不会通过影响游客旅行费用间接改变消费者剩余,实际行为与条件行为数据偏好存在一致性;白洋淀景区当前消费者剩余为909.09元/次;环境质量改善使游客平均旅行次数增加1.45次/年,并使每位游客每年的消费者剩余增加1 318.18元;环境质量恶化使游客平均旅行次数降低1.41次/年,并使每位游客每年的消费者剩余减少1 281.81元。     

轿车企业自主发展道路上的合资模式比较

本文试图通过对合资方式发展的中国轿车企业进行自主发展能力评估,以了解怎样的中国轿车企业能够利用合资这种方式上自主发展之路,以及这些与外资合资的轿车企业必须具备哪些因素才能发展成为持续的、有自主发展能力的现代轿车企业。     

从控制权到收益权:合资企业的产权变动路径

本文从跨国公司对中外合资企业控制权设计与演变的角度,对中外合资企业产权变动的路径进行了动态的分析。作者指出,合作初期,跨国公司主要通过技术控制、经理权控制、合资企业数量控制以及销售区域控制等手段,达到对合资企业进行实质性控制的目的;合作后期,则主要通过“阴谋亏损”战略,谋求控股或独资,从而全面接管控制权和收益权。作者认为：除资本产权与管理技能外,技术资源优势也是控制权的一个重要来源,并且可能架空资本产权权利;跨国公司掌管控制权的终极目的,是为了独占收益权。凡此种种决定了外商独资企业将成为我国引进FDI的主要形式。     

Credit Events and the Valuation of Credit Derivatives of Basket Type

Thispaper provides a simple model for valuing a credit derivativewhose payoff depends on the identity (or identities) of the first(or first two) to occur of a given list of credit events, suchas defaults. The joint survival probability of occurrence timesof credit events is formulated in terms of stochastic intensityprocesses under the assumption of conditional independence. Basedon the joint survival probability, we can easily obtain the pricingformulas of such credit derivatives under the risk-neutral valuationframework. When the default intensity processes follow the extendedVasicek model, closed-form solutions of the pricing formulasare given.     

φ127×9．19mmG105钻杆NC50内螺纹接头直角台肩根部裂纹原因分析

对某井在钻进期间发生的钻杆断裂事故进行了详细调查研究.对裂纹的钻杆样品断口进行了观分析和微观分析,对断裂钻杆材料的化学成分、机械性能和金相组织进行了全面试验分析。最终结合钻杆使用情况和试验分析结果对钻杆接头断裂和裂纹的原因进行了全面分析讨论，认为钻杆接头断裂和裂纹原因是该部位结构尺寸不合理，应力集中严重所致。