我国城市居民最低生活保障标准的影响因素与效应研究

近年来,我国各地城市居民最低生活保障标准不断提升.本文利用我国36个城市1998-2005年的面板数据,分析影响城市居民最低生活保障标准动态变迁的经济、政治和社会因素及其影响效应,结果显示:城市居民最低生活保障制度是最低生活保障而非基本生活保障;"低保"标准并未有效地缩小贫富差距;"低保"标准对贫困者就业意愿具有较弱的负效应.针对上述问题,笔者提出建议:对应经济社会的发展动态提高标准、施行分层梯度式"低保"标准以及建立互动支持系统,促进"低保"受益者就业.     

技术标准对产业竞争力的影响研究

技术标准对经济和产业的发展起到了很大的作用。文章以波特的钻石模型为分析框架,研究技术标准与产业竞争力的关系,探讨技术标准对产业竞争力的影响机理。     

解读双重贸易技术壁垒:专利与标准的整合

本文通过考察当前国际贸易中日益盛行的双重贸易技术壁垒现象,提出了专利的标准趋势观,并进行了专利与标准的关联分析以阐释双重壁垒的成因及其杠杆效用,文末提供了一些应对思考,以助力企业对双重壁垒的成功跨越。     

审计准则国际化的经济学分析

审计准则是一种制度，审计准则国际化是制度变迁的过程。本文试采用经济学中的制度变迁理论来分析审计准则国际化，具体涉及变迁主体、外部利润的来源、变迁发生的前提条件、变迁的类型。最后结合我国情况提出我们应该积极应对审计准则国际化。     

论我国会计国际化的模式选择

随着经济全球化浪潮的掀起,作为商业语言的会计同样面临着国际化的抉择。本文针对目前我国会计国际化的不同观点,在对我国会计准则与国际财务报告准则之间差异进行比较、分析的基础上,以会计信息使用者及其需求为出发点,提出了我国会计国际化的模式选择。     

Environmental Policy in Open Economies and Monopolistic Competition

This paper analyses the implications of international trade for non-cooperative environmental policy in the case of local production externalities. A particular focus is on the potential effects of regulations on the variety of goods and the resulting international spillover caused by trade. A tougher domestic standard negatively affects the utility of the households abroad, since such a policy reduces their variety of imports (due to fewer domestic product inventions) or their consumption of each imported brand (due to higher import prices). Ignoring the negative spillover, non-cooperative governments implement inefficiently strict standards in equilibrium. In contrast to this clear-cut inefficiency result, the impact of international trade on the state of the environment is ambiguous.     

How efficient are national environmental standards? A benefit-cost analysis of the United States experience

This paper summarizes the results of the first systematic, geographically-specific efficiency assessment of the U.S. experience with national environmental standards and with alternative approaches to establishing those standards. This ex-post evaluation assessed the net benefits that resulted from EPA's regulation of conventional air and water pollutants from the pulp and paper industry between 1973 and 1984. The paper compares the benefit-cost efficiencies of the three dominant regulatory approaches: technology, ambient, and benefits. Unlike previous studies, which assessed benefits and costs on a national basis, the study estimates both costs and benefits on a facility-by-facility basis. The analysis shows how the efficiency of national environmental regulations can vary dramatically at local levels. The authors conclude that the technology-based standards for water pollution management failed as an efficient environmental strategy. The costs clearly exceeded the benefits in the aggregate, as well as in the specific in most situations. Benefits exceeded costs at only 11 of the 68 mills investigated. The ambient based standards for air pollution management succeeded as an environmental strategy in the aggregate, but succeeded in the specific for only one-third of the mills (22 of 60 mills). The benefits-based standards for air pollution management also succeeded in the aggregate as well as in the specific for about one-half of the mills. Benefits exceeded costs at 29 of the 60 mills investigated. The results of the study point to two major conclusions. First, a regulatory policy that is based on some measure of environmental results, either ambient-based or benefits-based, will be more efficient than a policy that ignores environmental results. Second, truly efficient policies for reducing environmental risks require pollution mitigation decisions that take into account local conditions. These include not only the changes in local ambient conditions, but also the number of people who will benefit from pollution reduction decisions. This latter conclusion suggests that national environmental standards per se may be inefficient.Dr. Luken is currently Senior Environmental Advisor to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in Vienna, Austria. He is on leave from the U.S. EPA where he was Chief of the Economic Analysis and Research Branch of the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE). Mr. Clark is President of Environmental Economics Associates of Traverse City, Michigan. He was formerly Chief of EPA's Cost and Economic Impact Analysis Branch in OPPE. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

解读双重贸易技带壁垒：专利与标准的整台

本文通过考察当前国际贸易中日益盛行的双重贸易技术壁垒现象，提出了专利的标准趋势观，并进行了专利与标准的关联分析以阐释双重壁垒的成因及其杠杆效用，文末提供了一些应对思考，以助力企业对双重壁垒的成功跨越。     

Network externalities and long-run market shares

We study a dynamic duopoly model with network externalities. The value of the product depends on the current and past network size. We compare the market outcome to a planner. With equal quality products, the market outcome may result in too little standardization (i.e. too many products active in the long run) but never too much. The potential inefficiency is non-monotonic in the strength of the network effect, being most likely for intermediate levels. When products differ in quality, an inferior product may dominate even when the planner would choose otherwise, but only if the discount factor is sufficiently large     

借鉴法律要素构成:科学制定会计准则的新思路

当前对于会计准则制定模式的讨论仍然保持比较高的热度，取得了一系列的研究成果。但是，综观已有的研究成果，似乎都没有跳出有关导向（规则导向、原则导向以及美国新近提出的目标导向或概念导向）选择的圈子。这也就预示着现有研究并没有从根本上解决会计准则制定中存在的问题。借鉴法律界制定法律规范的经验，可找到会计准则制定的一条新思路，即把会计规则、会计原则和会计概念都作为会计准则的构成要素。这对我国会计准则制定和运行具有指导意义。