Sustainable tourism implementation in urban areas: a case study of London

Sustainable tourism is a concept widely embraced by managers and planners of tourist destinations. However, it has received little attention in the context of urban tourism, an area of research that has until recently been largely neglected by academics. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable tourism implementation in large cities, by using London as an exploratory case study. Through the collection and analysis of both primary and secondary data (online survey, semi-structured interviews and document analysis), it seeks to explore whether local authorities have implemented policies towards sustainable tourism in the capital. The findings indicate that although the concept of sustainable tourism is perceived as important by policy makers, only a few local authorities in London promote its principles in their policy documents and even fewer have initiatives to put them in practice. Most of these initiatives are isolated activities which address limited aspects of sustainable tourism. The paper concludes that despite some progress made to date, in the current economic climate, growth and development remain the main objectives of governments and local authorities, while social and environmental issues are often left behind.     

浅议秘书如何做好大中型会议的会前组织工作

会议组织是办公室秘书的一项重要职责，要求秘书人员要具备良好的业务素质，熟练掌握各种规定，周密安排。本文以规范性要求高的大中型会议研究对象，从会前组织的微观角度，提出了秘书在会前组织工作中各个环节的做法和基本要求。     

Approximating Large Diversified Portfolios

This paper considers a financial market with asset price dynamics modeled by a system of lognormal stochastic differential equations. A one‐dimensional stochastic differential equation for the approximate evolution of a large diversified portfolio formed by these assets is derived. This identifies the asymptotic dynamics of the portfolio as being a lognormal diffusion. Consequentially an efficient way for computing probabilities, derivative prices, and other quantities for the portfolio are obtained. Additionally, the asymptotic strong and weak orders of convergence with respect to the number of assets in the portfolio are determined.     

A note on robust testing by indexing the parameter space

1. Introduction

A preliminary test is sometimes performed to obtain a simple model with few parameters. This should ostensibly result in a better performance in the subsequent treatment of the observations. For obvious reasons such a procedure is questionable. It is felt that one should keep to the original a priori model with the original parameter vector θ. In this note a third method is proposed. Adhere to original parameters θ, but concentrate attention on an index φ(θ) which sums up some essential features of the model. (This principle has been advocated by Goldstein (1981).)     

Do Differences in the Scale of Irrigation Projects Generate Different Impacts on Poverty and Production?

This article investigates differences in household production and consumption among small‐ and large‐scale irrigators to assess whether the scale of an irrigation project increases household welfare in Mali. Much of the evidence of the impact of irrigation does not use counterfactual analysis to estimate such impact or distinguish between the scale of the irrigation projects to be evaluated. In the dataset collected by the author, both a large‐scale irrigation project and small‐scale projects are used to construct counterfactual groups. Propensity score matching is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for small and large irrigators relative to non‐irrigators on agricultural production, agricultural income and consumption per capita. Small‐scale irrigation has a larger effect on agricultural production and agricultural income than large‐scale irrigation, but large‐scale irrigation has a larger effect on consumption per capita. This suggests that market integration and non‐farm externalities are important in realising gains in agricultural surplus from irrigation.     

大空间建筑防火分隔措施探析

大空间由于其面积超过消防规范对防火分区的要求，如采取常规的防火分隔措施，将破坏大空间的连续性．在消防设计时一直是个难题，文章通过相关的计算，通过对火焰辐射热的分析，在会展中心内设置合理宽度的防火隔离带．以达到进行防火分隔的目的。     

I.J. Bienaymé [1796–1878]: Criticality,Inequality, and Internationalization*

Two striking contributions of Bienaymé to mathematical statistics: (1) a completely correct statemet of the Criticality Theorem for simple branching processes in 1845; and (2) the derivation of the Bienaymé-Chebyshev Inequality, are revisited on the 200th anniversary of his birth. We use writings and archival materials available since the note of Heyde & Seneta (1972) to present a fuller biographical picture. Bienaymé's connections with Buniakovsky and Chebyshev are elucidated, and this role in furthering Chebyshev's international contacts outlined. A concluding section illuminates Bienaymé's understanding of the linear regression of one random variable on another in an actuarial context of random shocks.     

大型展览中心标识系统的现状及其对寻路的影响——以广州国际会议展览中心为例

标识系统是大型展览中心管理的重要手段,对展览活动的有效管理和提高参会者的参展效益具有非常重要的作用。通过对第105届广交会实地考察和对广交会参展商、采购商的访谈,以＂人的寻路行为＂为切入点,分析广州国际会议展览中心的标识系统的现状,探讨大型展览中心标识系统的类别和设置对人们寻路的影响。研究表明,大型展览中心的标识分成四大类,即识别性标识、导向性标识、信息说明性标识和管理性标识。大型展览馆设置标识的5个关键位置为展厅内两边墙壁处、中庭、通道、各展馆出入口处、停车场。研究还发现,人的寻路行为可分为自我型行为者、依赖型行为者和高度依赖型行为者,标识的种类和位置对不同类型行为者的影响有差异。     

嘉兴举办大型体育赛事效应之分析

运用文献资料、访谈调研、案例分析等方法对嘉兴举办大型体育赛事的效应进行了分析,重点从政治、经济、社会和环境方面深入分析了积极效应及要预防的负面效应。提出了嘉兴举办大型体育赛事的策略:要与城市发展相容;加强政府在资金、政策引导和组织协调等方面的作用;重视本土品牌赛事的培育,打造赛事长期效应;重视效果评估与监测,提高赛事抗风险能力。     

大采高综采工作面切眼特大断面支护技术

7105切眼是王庄煤矿掘进的首个特大断面切眼,特大断面切眼成巷的关键在于支护技术,本文总结了7105切眼的支护技术与掘进工艺的成功经验,供以后的工作做参考。