Compulsory schooling laws and school crime

Extensive literature demonstrates that compulsory schooling laws improve educational attainment, well-being, civic involvement, and labour market outcomes. However, at-risk youth incapacitated to schools may impact the learning environment and school safety. The purpose of this article is to study whether raising the minimum dropout age (MDA) requirement above 16 increases crime committed within US public high schools. A difference-in-difference estimation exploits changes in state-level MDA laws over time and indicates that schools in states that raise their MDA requirement to 18 incur more overall crime relative to schools in states that do not, while no effect on overall crime is identified when the MDA requirement is raised to 17. Furthermore, these effects persist for 4 years after passage and more intensely in metropolitan areas. Coupling this research with existing literature suggests that when the MDA requirement is raised to 18, only a small portion of the observed reduction in juvenile crime is displaced to schools. Analysis by category of crime reveals schools incur more physical attacks, no change in illegal drug and property crimes, and fewer violent crimes in states that raise their MDA requirement to 18, while illegal drug crimes increase in states that raise their MDA requirement to 17.     

帕斯卡尔论正义

帕斯卡尔对正义问题做了思考。他先是批判了人们通常持有的正义观念,指出现世人观念中的“正义”其实都是虚假的,不可能存在真正的正义。继尔,通过分析他又认为有必要对民众保持欺骗,维护他们对法律、习俗和强权服从的习惯。最后,他谋求正义与强力的结合,希望人类能够向真正的正义更多的靠近。     

基于KIFA的物流外包服务商选择机制研究

本文主要研究昆明国际花卉拍卖交易中心(KIFA)物流外包服务商的选择机制,从KIFA拍卖交易完成后到最终的鲜花零售店的各个物流环节。本文提出了基于招投标的配送服务商的初选方法,再用AHP方法[1]最终确定最佳配送服务商。从而提高了昆明国际花卉拍卖交易中心的花卉物流服务、降低了成本、提高了客户满意度,同时,为同类花卉拍卖交易中心物流服务商的选择提供参考依据。     

PE法律问题新研究——以PE不同组织形式税收优劣分析为视角

随着中国经济持续快速增长和国内资本市场的逐步完善,私募股权投资(即通常所言PE)在国内市场得到了迅猛发展。在此背景下,国家出台了一系列法律法规和政策文件支持PE投资的成长壮大。本文在对PE投资基本法律知识及国内外学者的研究状况简要梳理的前提下,剖析了国内对PE投资不同组织形式的学说见解,重点对PE投资不同组织形式的税收优劣问题提出自己新的研究观点,纠正学理界一直以来的错误论断,旨在对保证PE投资在国内的发展和完善有所帮助。     

Gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from India and Singapore

ABSTRACT

This study investigates if gender diversity on boards is an effective driver of financial performance. For this purpose, this study choses two countries, one of which has the soft law approach (Singapore) while the other has mandatory requirements (India) on corporate boards gender diversity. By doing so, it examines if there is a comparability between the listed firms of the two countries. Our results suggest that the gender diversity has a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of the firms of both the countries. Although, the gender diversity of the two countries does not seem to affect the growth opportunities of both the countries. Further, our results indicate that the board characteristics affect the performance positively and significantly when the sample is divided into five quantiles for the firms in these two countries. These findings have implications to the managerial decision making and relevance to stewardship theory and resource dependency theory.     

统一企业所得税法的重大意义及其影响

本文主要分析了内外资企业所得税制统一的意义、内容及影响。认为这是我国税制改革的一项重大举措,也是宏观经济政策的一项重大调整,必将对我国国民经济和社会发展产生重要而深远的影响。     

由汶川地震看应急物资的储备与管理

地震灾害会造成人员伤亡、财产损失、环境和社会功能的破坏。2008年5月,我国四川汶川县发生里氏8.0级大地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失。文中将从本次汶川特大地震灾害出发,探讨我国如何建立一套完善的地震灾害应急物资储备与管理系统,为地震灾害的救援、重建等一系列工作提供有力的帮助。     

The myth of a booming town: a two-sector model of Macau economic growth

This paper builds a trade-based equilibrium, two-sector model to reveal the inefficiency of a foreign-dominated, gaming-biased, bubble growth in Macau. This fast GDP growth that has not led to much real development as measured by the effective GNP would likely have adverse impacts on the city's long-term prosperity. We employ the model to analyze why various gaming markets have adopted differing tax rates. This work provides a rigorous argument against the problematic attempts to push for low tax convergence in the Asian gaming market. To neutralize the damaging effects of foreign domination in the local economy, we offer several policy recommendations for reviving home businesses and enhancing domestic welfare in Macau. It is suggested that enforceable laws should be made to prevent the foreign firms with cross-market operations from stealing away Macau customers, that differential taxes on casino operators and income taxes on player winnings should be chosen to support Chinese-owned casinos and curb pathological gambling, and that a sovereign wealth fund should be established to stop too much of Chinese gaming money from being lost too fast and foster Macau's economic autonomy by reducing its overreliance on foreign concerns for output growth.     

浅析温差式水泵设计与应用

在遵循热力学定律前提下,设计温差式水泵,将部分废热用于做功,达到节能减排的目的。文章将阐述温差式水泵的工作原理及应用情况。     

Regulating smart contracts: Legal revolution or simply evolution?

Blockchain-based smart contracts have triggered polarised discussions. They have been applauded as a significant technological achievement, but also criticised as a dumb idea. Their application is rapidly expanding in the financial sector, public sector, supply chain management, and the automobile, real estate, insurance, and health care industries. With the growing use of smart contracts and an increasing variety of smart contracts applications, the debate over the legal implications of this phenomenon has intensified and many legal issues related to smart contracts are being examined. Legal scholars have highlighted potential legal pitfalls, controversies and incompatibilities with existing legal frameworks. Blockchain technology and smart contracts have also been fuelling an interest of legislators, who have begun to recognise regulatory uncertainties and are making the first attempts to introduce legislative solutions to address them. This paper aims to highlight the fervour of the scholarly debate surrounding smart contracts and contrast it with a rather modest response from the legislators thus far. The paper reiterates that smart contracts represent the future. Even though they challenge practitioners, scholars, and legislators, current legislative initiatives indicate that under most legal systems there are no major obstacles for smart contracts and to accommodate smart contracts within the existing legal frameworks we should expect legal evolution rather than revolution.