Relative risk aversion, relative prudence and comparative statics under uncertainty: The case of (μ, σ)‐preferences

From the expected‐utility approach, relative risk aversion being smaller than one and relative prudence being smaller than two emerge as preference restrictions that fully determine the optimal responses of decisions under uncertainty to certain shifts in probability distributions. We characterize the magnitudes of relative risk aversion and relative prudence in terms of the two‐parameter, mean‐standard deviation approach. We demonstrate that this characterization is instrumental in obtaining comparative static results in the two‐parameter setting. We further relate our findings to the results in the expected‐utility framework.     

Generalized piecewise linear histograms

We extend the concept of piecewise linear histogram introduced recently by Beirlant, Berlinet and Györfi. The disadvantage of that histogram is that in many models it takes on negative values with probability close to 1. We show that for a wide set of models, the extended class of estimates contains a bona fide density with probability tending to 1 as the sample size n increases to infinity. The mean integrated absolute error in the extended class of estimators decreases with the same rate n^–2/5 as in the original narrower class.     

MSE-improvement of the least squares estimator by dropping variables

It is well known that dropping variables in regression analysis decreases the variance of the least squares (LS) estimator of the remaining parameters. However, after elimination estimates of these parameters are biased, if the full model is correct. In his recent paper, Boscher (1991) showed that the LS-estimator in the special case of a mean shift model (cf. Cook and Weisberg, 1982) which assumes no “outliers” can be considered in the framework of a linear regression model where some variables are deleted. He derived conditions under which this estimator outperforms the LS-estimator of the full model in terms of the mean squared error (MSE)-matrix criterion. We demonstrate that this approach can be extended to the general set-up of dropping variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the MSE-matrix superiority of the LS-estimator in the reduced model over that in the full model are derived. We also provide a uniformly most powerful F-statistic for testing the MSE-improvement.     

中国产业及劳动力逆向流动分析--以重庆与北京、广东的比较为例

当前，我国产业及劳动力呈现逆向流动的特征，其重要原因在于两种劳动力成本的巨大反差。西部地区劳动力绝对成本较低，相对成本较高，导致劳动力大量流出、承接产业转移难。劳动力相对成本的高低，直接取决于劳动力绝对成本与劳动生产率，更深层次则是区位、劳动者数量与质量、管理水平、资本资源、自然资源、技术资源、产业配套、现代物流体系、政务环境等因素合力作用的结果。西部要较好实现劳动力绝对成本优势向相对成本优势的转换，必须有效整合各种资源，扩大优势资源的引力，挖掘非优势资源的转换潜力，才能创造承接产业转移、吸引劳动力回流的良好基础。     

构建完善市场经济运行机制的路径分析

政府是市场共同体主体之一,又是"凌驾于市场共同体之上的特殊主体",因此其角色定位与态度倾向成为构建完善的市场经济运行机制的关键。明确政府主体职能定位、保证政府态度倾向不会偏差和规范个利益主题的制度保障到位,就成为构建完善市场经济路径的必要选择。     

旅游地形象感知偏差测评模型研究

旅游地形象是旅游地开发建设的重要内容之一,形象塑造是提高其市场影响力和市场竞争力的重要基础;因缺乏全真信息支撑,市场对旅游地形象的感知普遍存在偏差.本文根据形象主体及感知内容系统构建感知偏差测评层次模型,包含3个层次9个指标,其中模型权重由专家打分确定,基础数据源于市场调查结果,主要采用离差和法分析不同主体对不同感知内容的偏差程度.通过十堰旅游目的地验证,最终偏差指敷测评结果为0.626,偏差较大,其中主体时自然环境感知偏差最小,对社会环境感知偏差最大;旅游介体对十堰形象感知偏差最小,本地居民感知偏差最大.     

土地利用现状评价与分析——基于权的最小平方法

根据沈阳市的特点,建立土地利用现状评价指标体系,利用权的最小平方法确定评价指标的权重。采用综合评价法从土地开发利用程度、土地集约利用程度、土地利用综合效益三方面对土地利用现状进行评价。结果表明:沈阳市土地开发利用程度、土地集约利用水平都远高于全省平均水平,土地利用综合效益略低于全省平均水平,土地利用综合效益有待提高。     

上海市产业结构偏离度与经济增长关系的实证检验--基于一个新的产业结构偏离度指标

文章通过建立一个两部门的内生增长模型,根据实现平衡增长路径所需满足的条件,可得出一个相对合理的指标用来衡量产业结构以及各产业偏离度。然后应用该指标对上海市产业结构偏离度以及各产业偏离度与经济增长之间的关系进行实证检验,希望能较真实地反映上海市产业结构以及各产业的发展情况与平衡增长路径要求目标的偏离程度。最后根据各产业偏离的方向和程度,有针对性地给出上海市产业结构调整的方向以及具体的路径选择,具有一定的现实意义。     

基于权的最小平方法的土地利用现状评价——以阜新市为例

研究目的：采用权的最小平方法对阜新市的土地利用现状进行评价。研究方法：文献资料法和实证分析法。研究结果：阜新市土地利用总体水平居辽宁省中等水平,评价结果与其他方法评价结果基本相符。研究结论：权的最小平方法在土地利用现状评价中应用是切实可行的。