市场流通法的法律地位及立法方向

市场流通法是指为了流通整体的安全与效率,以流通过程中发生的人与人之间的经济利益关系为调整对象的法律规范的总和。市场流通法是作用于特定社会经济生活领域的法律,它不同于传统部门法的分类标准,是以特定经济领域为标准进行划分的结果。按照市场流通法调整的社会关系类型,市场流通法属于经济法的范畴,是经济法的特别法。制定市场流通法有助于解决我国市场流通领域存在的流通秩序混乱、流通成本过高、流通管理低效等问题。我国应当充分发挥行业协会了解市场的优势,制定一部适应市场需要、具有较高法律位阶的市场流通法。     

A ‘Legislation-Check’ based on ‘3-D Sustainability’ - Addressing global precautionary land governance

This paper aims to provide a new and practical approach called ‘Legislation-Check’ to identifying shortcomings in national legislation in terms of how well it implements sustainable development, and ways of improving the legislation. National legislation was chosen as it represents a sort of ‘skeleton of society’ and defines the status quo, as well as setting the main environmental, societal and economic directions of the population covered.The approach presented is based on a new concept called ‘3-D Sustainability’, which focuses on the precautionary principle. 3-D Sustainability provides criteria in a flexible hierarchy for solving conflicts of interest between economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In this paper, these criteria and dimensions are applied to various sectors of Austrian national environmental legislation to identify the shortcomings of the legislation and ways of addressing these shortcomings.This paper shows, by way of quantitative data, a significant increase in the use of sustainability related terms in generally applicable legal instruments (both federal and provincial) in Austria since 2003. In qualitative terms the results of the paper further indicate, using national environmental legislation, several hierarchical disorders between different legal acts and opportunities for improving them. Furthermore, inadequacies in the way that the legislation handles sustainable development and a total lack of overall objectives and targets in terms of sustainability are highlighted, which can jeopardise sustainable development.The concept of ‘3-D Sustainability’ has not previously focused on national legislation, despite the practical importance of the legal implementation and enforcement on this geographic level. Hence, this paper contributes, through scientifically-based decision support, to practical pathways for the innovation of institutional, procedural and substantive arrangements in existing legislation.The approach presented in this paper is not restricted to environmental issues, but is applicable to all thematic areas. It is also not geographically limited, but could be implemented in any country and also beyond national borders. Furthermore, the approach can be easily replicated and provides systematically gained results for global governance change towards sustainable development.     

完善失地农民社会保障制度的立法思考

当前我国失地农民规模不断扩大,而相关社会保障制度立法却存在诸多弊端。可借鉴国内外相关立法的经验,从保障实施、保障经费和再就业方面就我国失地农民社会保障制度相关立法予以完善。     

管子学派立法理论探析

管子学派以“法天合德”作为政权立法的法理依据;以社会发展规律、社会成员的一般知识水准和行为习惯作为立法的现实依据。管子学派将法律分为九类并界定了各自的特征;提出了详细的立法调查提纲和立法论证原则;确定了严格的法律颁布程序;论证了法律语言的具体要求。管子学派的立法理论影响了中国封建政权的立法活动。     

论我国外空知识产权的国内立法战略

外空的知识产权问题是伴随着外空活动的商业发展而逐渐出现的。由于现有的国际外空法律文件和有关知识产权的国际公约均没有对外空活动的知识产权作直接规定,使许多国家的企业在推进空间技术进步和开发太空新产品的过程中,在知识产权问题上遇到了冲突与尴尬。因而,近些年来一些发达国家开始利用空间的潜力来表达外空活动中的知识产权问题,并力图形成世界范围的知识产权标准及其在国际上立法的可行性。在这种情况下,中国需要作出战略选择。     

New development: ‘Healing at a distance’—telemedicine and COVID-19

ABSTRACT

In extreme circumstances such as pandemics, the presence of patients in hospital emergency departments becomes untenable. Healthcare professionals and organizations worldwide are leaning on technology as a crucial ally to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak. This article focuses on the positive impact of telemedicine for helping service provision, from enabling virtual triage to mitigating the negative psychological effects of social isolation. The authors discuss the challenges and opportunities to telemedicine practices.     

环境立法管制对企业出口国内附加值率的影响*

本文通过理论建模和经验数据研究了环境立法管制与中国企业出口国内附加值率之间的关系。结果发现,环境立法管制有助于提升中国企业出口国内附加值率。机制分析证明：一方面,加强环境立法管制的“成本效应”促使直接受约束的企业寻找其他可替代要素。这种替代效应的大小取决于企业对污染型资源的依赖程度。“创新效应”通过改变企业生产效率影响企业成本加成。这两种效应均影响了出口国内附加值率。另一方面,环境立法管制提高了本国企业出口到国外市场的生产率下界,使间接受约束的企业改变定价策略,进而影响出口国内附加值率。本文研究表明,地区严格的执法力度有助于扩大环境立法管制对污染型资源依赖程度较低企业出口国内附加值率的积极影响。     

略论行政奖励在环境管理领域的运用

行政奖励作为一种新型的环境管理手段,已经广泛地运用于环境管理领域,并在环境管理和环境保护方面取得良好的效果,但由于法律理论研究的滞后,法律规范的不健全,导致行政奖励实施处于一种无序状态,因此必须健全和完善行政奖励的有关制度,确保行政奖励在环境管理领域的正确实施。     

关于企业内部规章制度的法律思考

涉及劳动者切身利益的企业内部规章制度(劳动制度)是劳动关系的基本要素之一,直接关系到劳动关系乃至整个社会的和谐稳定,《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》都已对其内容、程序合法性做出了原则规定。其相关各方,包括用人单位、劳动者、行政主管部门及国家立法机关均应从法律的角度对其作认真的思考和审视。用人单位应切实按照三个合法性标准策划企业规章制度;劳动者在以规章制度作为行为规范的同时应懂得用其合法性标准维护自身权益;行政主管部门应切实履行职责,加强对企业规章制度合法性的专项监查;国家应实行劳动关系法治化,立法机关应进一步就企业劳动制度做出专项立法。     

关于珠三角金融发展及其立法的若干思考

珠三角的金融业要在《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》的指导下得到长足发展,必须建立和完善与其相适应的法律和机制。具体来说,应当将该纲要上升到立法层面,加快区域发展立法建设;建立试错纠错和究错机制,如完善跨境贸易人民币结算的配套立法;促进珠三角金融法制的一体化;推进区域金融中心的法制建设;健全粤港澳金融合作机制。