公路边坡地质的分类问题探讨

对于公路边坡分类,大多是按分类原则就边坡的破坏形式进行分类,对于未变形边坡则很少进行分类。本文在总结公路工程边坡勘察成果的基础上,提出了适合公路工程的边坡工程地质分类,并将未变形边坡统分为岩质边坡、土质边坡和土石边坡,对岩质边坡按边坡体岩性和结构进行了细致分类,而对变形边坡则按其变形特征进行简要分类。     

强化企业会计监督工作是保证经济健康发展的关键

我国经济体制经过了30余年的深刻变革,完成了由计划经济向市场经济转轨,多种经济成分并存已经成为我国社会主义基本经济制度。一方面非公有制经济形式在社会主义经济建设中起着举足轻重的作用,而另一方面非公有制经济形式在经济活动中也带来了负面影响。经济体制的转轨更是带来一些深层次矛盾的凸显。为此。强化企业会计监督工作（尤其非公有制经济）就成为了保证我国经济健康发展的关键。     

人民币汇率管理技术研究

新的人民币汇率形成机制对汇率管理提出了更高的技术要求。人民于汇率管理技术作为一种重要的生产力,为人民币汇率管理提供了重要的操作技巧和技术支持。创新和发展人民币汇率管理技术,有利于进一步提高人民币汇率管理效率和外汇资源配置效率。人民币汇率管理技术的变近大致经历了萌芽阶段、起步阶段、徘徊阶段和快速发展4个时期;人民币汇率管理技术的创新内容包括人民币汇率机制管理技术、弹性管理技术、风险管理技术和信息管理技术等;人民币汇率管理技术的未来发展方向应由“原始型、初级型、封闭型、粗放型、僵化型”向“现代型、市场型、开放型、集约型、创新型”转变。同时,针对人民币汇率管理技术发展中的制约因素,还要注意发展策略的选择,如培育有效的外汇专场主体．加强汇率基础设施建设,营造汇率生态环境,培养金融技术人才等。     

适度富余——企业人力资源供求管理的目标选择

无论是理论工作者还是企业实际管理者,都将供求平衡作为企业人力资源供求管理的目标.可事实上企业人力资源供求具有不平衡性.一方面,企业人力资源供求始终处于变动之中,要实现供求平衡存在许多不可消除的客观障碍;另一方面,在内外劳动力市场并不充分有效的条件下,实现供求平衡所需付出的成本远远高于保持人力资源适度富余所带来的损失.因此,企业人力资源供求管理的目标应当是适度富余,而不是供求平衡.     

COOPERATION: THE POWER OF A SINGLE WORD? SOME EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON WORDING AND GENDER EFFECTS IN A GAME OF CHICKEN

Framing has been widely shown to affect decision making. In this paper, we investigate experimentally whether, and to what extent, cooperative behaviour in a Game of Chicken may be impacted by a very basic change in the labelling of the strategies. Our within‐subject experimental design involves two treatments. The only difference between them is that we introduce either a socially‐oriented wording (I cooperate/I do not cooperate) or colours (red/blue) to designate strategies. The level of cooperation appears to be higher in the socially‐oriented context, but only when uncertainty as regards the type of the partner is manipulated, and especially among females.     

马克思剩余价值理论视角下信息商品增值研究

信息劳动创造价值,如何在马克思剩余价值理论视角下研究信息商品增值是一个新的研究课题。信息劳动是复杂劳动,创建期投入巨大,一些信息商品具有独特形式。将信息生产的不同时期的区分引入复杂的劳动过程和价值增殖的研究：信息商品创建期和扩大生产期都属于生产过程,在生产中获得价值增殖的潜力,而通过流通过程,创造出巨大数量的消费受众,从而实现了剩余价值的获得。巨大的规模投资、极高的技术门槛和政府政策保护使信息企业获得超额剩余价值。     

Herding behaviour and the declining value relevance of accounting information: evidence from an emerging stock market

This article sheds light on the underlying mechanisms behind the changes in the value relevance of accounting information in the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) during the 1999–2010 period. We find that neither changes in earnings quality nor the earnings lack of timeliness hypothesis can explain the decline in the value relevance of accounting information in the KSE. Based on the stylized facts associated with the growth of the KSE and the broader economics literature, we argue that the reduction in the explanatory power of accounting information vis-à-vis stock returns was caused by herding behaviour. Empirical estimates from state-space model of herding behaviour confirm the existence of herding, and we find that the value relevance of accounting information is significantly lower in periods characterized by herding behaviour. This article is also amongst the first attempts to empirically demonstrate that an expansionary monetary policy and increases in foreign portfolio investment lead to increased levels of herding.     

识别和培育实践共同体——构建学习型组织的新途径

学习型组织的传统构建途径过于强调个体层面的学习,忽视了团队层面和组织层面的学习。实践共同体能够较好地促进团队层面的学习,进而提高整个组织的学习能力。本文系统地探讨了实践共同体的概念本质、理论渊源及其作用,提出了识别和培育实践共同体的方法,并针对实践共同体可能存在的缺陷提出了一些应对策略。     

Are property rights enough?Re‐evaluating a big‐bang claim1

We investigate the claim made by proponents of the big‐bang strategy that the establishment of property rights in an economy in transition creates its own demand for the enforcement of laws to protect those rights. Our model contains a government engaging in activities to accomplish objectives that depend on public support for the enforcement of the rule of law and agents who interpret the level of activities of the government as indications of the government's intent to enforce the rule of law. Agents, using the level of government activities as an input to their decisions, choose whether to support the government's objectives. We establish conditions under which the level of activities chosen by the government maximizes its benefits, and simultaneously induces the constituency to support enforcement of the rule of law. These conditions provide a basis for the argument for the implementation of the big‐bang policy. When these conditions do not hold, however, we show that the level of activities that maximizes the government's benefits may have only a minor impact on support for the enforcement of the rule of law. Two characteristics play an important role in these conditions: the initial level of crime and the types of activities the government chooses to undertake. We present examples showing that the initial level of crime has the more dramatic effect on subsequent support for the rule of law.     

Does Multinationality Affect the Propensity to Innovate? An Analysis of the Third UK Community Innovation Survey

The paper is developed at the interface between internationalization and innovation studies. It utilizes data on innovation from the UK Community Innovation Surveys 3 and 2 (CIS3 and CIS2) to assess whether multinationality affects the innovation propensity of surveyed enterprises. The indicators of innovation propensity—our dependent variables—are taken from the following CIS sets of variables: innovation outputs; innovation inputs; innovation outcomes (patent applications); innovation continuity/sustainability. The latter element is considered to be the ability of the enterprise to sustain innovation over a long period of time and the relevant variable is derived from both CIS3 and 2 data. This allows the paper to introduce dynamic elements into the analysis. Four hypotheses are developed and tested. Our main hypothesis states that multinationality per se (i.e. being part of a multinational company network) affects the propensity to innovate. We also test for three sub‐hypotheses related to characteristics of multinationality: belonging to a group vs being independent; degree of multinationality; being part of a foreign vs domestic multinational. The results show that all those CIS enterprises that belong to a multinational corporation—whether UK or foreign—are more likely to exhibit innovation propensity; they are also more likely to engage in innovation activities on a continuous basis.