The impact of license duration on tangible investments of mobile operators

Using data from the WCIS (World Cellular Information Service) and the Telecoms Market Matrix of Analysis Mason, we were able to build a database relating the level of investment per capita to license duration for 14 countries over a 10-year period. An empirical analysis of the data shows a positive correlation between the tangible investment per capita and the license duration (the average of all active licenses or the latest license). More precisely, we observe an increase of €1.5 in the average investment per capita per year for each additional year of license duration. We also find no significant negative impact of license duration on mobile market competition. The competition outcomes are measured using the Lerner index at the operator level. Some robustness checks are performed at the country level by using the HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman index) and the number of active mobile operators as measures of the level of competition, and we obtain additional results indicating once more that the competition is not negatively impacted by license duration.     

矿权性质及其市场制度

矿权市场在本质上属于要素市场 ,但在形式和部分功能上与商品市场有相通之处。矿权是用益物权 ,不是“经营权” ,也不是“知识产权”。生产要素有现成存在的 ,有需要通过特定生产过程才能形成或使用的 ,土地属于前者 ,矿产资源大部分属于后者。自然资源能做到清楚分割并实现排他性占有的 ,宜实行用益物权制度 ;做不到的 ,宜实行行政许可制度。土地一级市场最重要 ,大部分矿产资源二级市场最重要     

集体林权制度改革视野下的林权流转行政许可探讨——以地方性法规、地方政府规章为对象

通过对集体林权制度改革以来,地方法规和规章中规定的林权流转审批事项法律性质的分析,研究了林权流转中行政许可事项的必要性,以及林权流转中的非行政许可审批事项。研究结果表明:林权流转行政许可事项的确定应当建立在政府主管部门对森林资源生态保护基础上,而非行政许可审批事项扩大化会对集体林权制度改革产生一定的消极影响。     

强制性标准中的知识产权问题

拟制定的强制性标准如果涉及知识产权,标准制定机构将不得不面对两个问题:一是取得知识产权权利人的授权问题,二是知识产权费用问题。标准制定机构可以通过协商或申请颁发强制许可的方式从知识产权人处取得授权。关于知识产权费用问题,文章提出了三种方案:政府制定统一的知识产权许可收费政策;国家买断知识产权;由国务院专利行政部门裁决。     

外商技术转移、创新激励与东道国引资政策——走自主创新道路,我们能依靠外国技术吗？

文章在累积创新框架下建立一个附加拍卖的动态博弈模型,研究东道国企业利用外商技术转移实现技术升级的微观机制,以及东道国政府旨在改善社会福利的引资政策。研究后发现:对于核心技术,外商总有激励进行技术封锁;对于一般技术,外商愿意将其技术许可给东道国以赚取垄断利润;东道国企业只有坚持自主创新才能获得技术模仿的机会并最终突破外商对核心技术的封锁;若东道国政府能使外商将核心技术授权给本国企业,本国企业将绕过自主创新从而直接进行模仿创新,若不能有效控制外商技术转移方式但可对仅转移设备等"硬"核心技术的方式采取有效限制,可降低潜在技术模仿成本从而减少东道国激励本国厂商进行创新的补贴成本。最后,文章讨论了我国利用外资推动技术升级的方式。     

US domestic barter: an empirical investigation

This paper studies the barter industry developed in North America during the 1950s, pointing out some of its main characteristics. Thus, it examines its two main sectors: (i) corporate barter and (ii) commercial barter. Contrary to expectations, the analysis of official data shows that this phenomenon is essentially pro-cyclical for the commercial barter component. Moreover, commercial barter activity turns out to be complementary to the cash economy. While the two sectors display some differences in their pattern, they both help firms to increase their profits.