辩证法三题

辩证法是揭示事物向相反方向而去，是从事物的反面看事物的。它因事物向背反的方向而去，所以表现宇宙之大。辩证法是站在弱者一方的。柔弱胜刚强，弱的一方在一定条件下能够胜强大的事物，所以辩证法是作为弱者思想武器的辩证法。最后，天有好生之德，无垠的宇宙也总能给宇宙中的万千事物以存在、生长、成熟、表演、“秀”的机会与过程，让万有展示其风华亮丽。在此辩证法又是有情的辩证法。     

新公共管理运动背景下的中国乡镇政府体制改革

我国现行乡镇政府管理体制问题重重,浙江、山东等省份以新公共管理运动为指导,成立农村社区服务中心,乡镇政府职能重点向公共服务和社会管理转变,是对新公共管理运动的最好诠释。     

Relationship between functional movement screening score and history of injury and identifying the predictive value of the FMS for injury

This study aimed to reveal the functional ability of functional movement screening (FMS) scores in determining an athlete's predisposition to injury. One hundred (50 females and 50 males) university level athletes, weight of 69.44 ± 5.84 kg, height of 172.69 ± 7.26 cm, age of 22.56 ± 2.99 years and Baecke score 21.66 ± 1.73, practised in football, handball and basketball sports (at least for 5 years), with no recent (<6 weeks) history of musculoskeletal injury were recruited. Of the 100 subjects, 35 of them suffered an acute, lower extremity (ankle = 20 and knee = 15 subjects) injury. An odds ratio was calculated at 4.70, meaning that an athlete has an approximately 4.7 times greater chance of suffering a lower extremity injury during a regular competitive season if they score less than 17 on the FMS. This study provides FMS reference values for university level athletes that will assist in the interpretation of individual scores when screening athletes for musculoskeletal injury and performance factors. More research is still necessary before implementing the FMS into a pre-participation physical examination for athletics, but due to the low cost and its simplicity to implement, it should be considered by clinicians and researchers in the future.     

四川学生运动在保路运动中的贡献

四川保路运动为辛亥革命武昌起义的爆发创造了条件,提供了机遇。其中学生运动在四川保路运动中做出了重要贡献。学生运动主体为留日学生和新式学堂学生,他们通过讨论时事、参加和发展革命政治团体、鼓动群众和直接参加革命斗争等行动。为四川保路运动发展奠定了基础,同时提出了政治主张,提供了革命骨干力量,推动保路运动向着历史和人民选择的方向快速前进。     

Does distance matter? Examining the distance effect on tourists’ multi-attraction travel behaviors

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in the multi-attraction travel behavior patterns of short-haul and long-haul tourists in Incheon, South Korea. A network t-test analysis and normalized centrality analysis were employed to achieve the purpose. The finding confirmed significant differences between the multi-attraction travel patterns of short-haul and long-haul tourists. Geographic distance played an important role in determining the order of the top-ranking attractions within a multi-destssssination travel network. Since attractions with high centrality scores are comparatively more influential, they are important and competitive in attraction development and marketing. Implications for future studies were also suggested.     

Trajectories to reconcile sharing and commercialization in the maker movement

Maker technologies, including collaborative digital fabrication tools like 3-D printers, enable entrepreneurial opportunities and new business models. To date, relatively few highly successful maker startups have emerged, possibly due to the dominant mindset of the makers being one of cooperation and sharing. However, makers also strive for financial stability and many have profit motives. We use a multiple case study approach to explore makers’ experiences regarding the tension between sharing and commercialization and their ways of dealing with it. We conducted interviews with maker initiatives across Europe including Fab Labs, a maker R&D center, and other networks of makers. We unpack and contextualize the concepts of sharing and commercialization. Our cross-case analysis leads to a new framework for understanding these entrepreneurs’ position with respect to common-good versus commercial offerings. Using the framework, we describe archetypal trajectories that maker initiatives go through in the dynamic transition from makers to social enterprises and social entrepreneurs.     

Digital maker-entrepreneurs in open design: What activities make up their business model?

The business models of digital maker-entrepreneurs in open design are inextricably linked to the broader open design community. Digital makers share designs on online platforms such as Thingiverse and use digital manufacturing technology such as 3-D printing as a generative mechanism for their entrepreneurial activities. There is a general understanding of how sharing works in that community and the basic design parameters that determine the business models of these digital maker-entrepreneurs, which are based on a portfolio of activities. This study is based on in-depth interviews with 11 digital maker-entrepreneurs from the open design community. We investigate the activities that constitute their business models using activity theory as a lens with which better to understand them. This study provides a perspective on the complexity of the relationships in which these activities are embedded and analyzes the activities related to the production, distribution, and consumption of value. Finally, we examine the exchanges between digital maker-entrepreneurs in the community, shedding light on how digital maker-entrepreneurs share and exchange goods, services, and knowledge as peers.     

资本运动的内生机制、体制转轨与资本化

新时期中国改革过程中的资本化运动, 既不是旧中国用以剥削工人为外国资本家、官僚买办资产阶级以及民族资产阶级带来剩余价值的价值———那样意义上的“效仿”; 也不是照搬西方模式盲目“引进”的西式“复兴”; 同时也相异于某些前社会主义国家私有化进程中的“休克疗法”或“大爆炸”式“转型”。它是兼用“激活”资本技术范畴内的功能与“消解”历史范畴资本过度表现的矛盾这样两个方面的技巧, 使其尽可能在“激扬”的环境中有效而有序运行的富有当代中国特色的创新     

近三十年来湖南保路运动与辛亥革命研究综述——纪念辛亥革命100周年

20世纪初兴起的保路运动成为辛亥革命的先导,而其首发地在湖南。因此湖南保路运动已成为学术界研究的热点。研究主要集中在粤汉铁路路权问题、保路运动定位问题、运动走向沉寂的原因问题、立宪派与革命派关系以及湖南保路运动与其他各省保路运动的差异等方面。总的说来,该领域研究在广度和深度上都有可喜的发展,但是目前仍有不足之处,研究资料仍需进一步挖掘整理。     

增加证券市场透明度与改善市场质量

根据市场微观结构理论 ,证券市场透明度变化显著影响市场效率与投资者福利。近年来 ,基于增加市场透明度将促进市场效率及公平的信念 ,许多证券监管当局试图建立高度透明甚至完全透明的证券市场。然而 ,本文的分析表明 ,增加透明度并不一定改善市场质量 ,其对市场效率与投资者福利的影响十分复杂 ,监管当局应当根据市场特征建立适度透明而不是过度透明的信息披露制度 ,同时需要采取措施规制基于强制信息披露的市场操纵行为。本文最后对如何完善国内证券市场大宗交易制度提出了政策建议。