Business Dynamics and Efficiency in Industries and Regions: The Case of Spain

High rates of firm births and deaths are a pervasive phenomenon across industries and territories. Most studies have related the great turbulence at the fringe of practically all manufacturing industries to positive effects on the long-run performance of industries. According to these views business turbulence, although it has a relatively small incidence on net entry, leads to allocative improvement and stimulates innovation. The existing set of empirical studies does not reach clear conclusions, however, and many questions are still open. Our contribution analyses the relationship between business dynamics in manufacturing and the growth of total factor productivity in industries and regions. After a review of current literature on entry and exit it is argued that most models are tailored to suit the processes observed in industries and regions that are near the technological frontier, and we propose an approach that could be more representative of middle range economies such as Spain. According to this approach new firms are seen more as users of innovations than producers of innovations. We adopt a model based on a vintage capital framework in which new entrants embody the edge technologies available and exiting businesses are supposed to represent the most marginal obsolete plants. Both industries and regions are represented by a Hall's type production function which controls for imperfect competition and economies of scale. The results show that both entry and exit rates contribute positively to the growth of total factor productivity in industries and in regions.     

我国客运专线公司业务外包模式探讨

本文认为,网络性、生产技术性和专业信任性是影响我国客运专线公司业务外包的三个主要因素,它们是客运专线公司进行业务外包时必须考虑的。文章指出,按照业务外包程度的不同,客运专线公司的业务外包可分为完全外包、部分外包、合包、自主经营等四种主要模式,每种模式都有其自身的经营管理特点。客运专线公司应综合考虑成立时间、规划地段、战略定位、风险控制等多种因素并在多因素综合权衡的基础上选择不同的外包模式,这是客运专线公司经营管理的关键和基础。     

北京市顺义区制造业用地集约度评价及影响因素分析

研究目的:评价北京市顺义区制造业用地集约度,分析影响制造业集约用地的因素及影响方式。研究方法:基于对顺义区制造业企业用地及主要经济指标的调查资料,结合厂商行为理论,借助因子分析法及Logistic逐步回归模型进行分析。研究结果:制造业企业的集约用地行为表现为单位面积上产值收益的增加、劳动力投入的增加或者资金投入的增加;产业结构、人口和劳动力、交通运输、聚集效应等影响因素对各个行业集约用地水平的作用方式及影响程度是不同的。研究结论:土地的集约利用程度与区位因素紧密相关,制造业的空间布局优化是促进土地集约利用的重要措施之一。     

跨国公司物流外包研究现状分析

跨国公司实施物流外包已成为其主要物流运作模式。文章从跨国公司使用物流外包的状况、跨国公司物流外包决策的影响因素、跨国公司对物流服务商的选择以及物流外包对跨国公司绩效的影响等四方面对相关文献进行梳理、归纳和总结。     

跨国公司在华物流外包对企业绩效影响的实证研究——以企业战略为调节变量

在现有理论文献和调查的基础上,提出假设,利用问卷统计分析,对跨国公司在华实施的企业战略在物流外包与企业绩效的调节作用进行了实证检验,研究结果表明,跨国公司在华实施的成本领先战略会促进物流外包对财务绩效、市场绩效和运作绩效的正向影响;跨国公司在华实施的差异化战略对物流外包与企业绩效间的关系不产生影响。     

产品内分工条件下上海制造业的升级路径：以上海大众为例

文章分析了产品内分工条件下上海制造业在国际制造业分工中的地位,指出上海制造业目前面临的最大问题是欠缺核心技术与自主品牌。因此,通过自主创新提升技术能级以及培育自主品牌是上海制造业升级的必然选择。但创新能力的提升和品牌的培育是个复杂的技术、经济和社会过程。因此,现阶段通过大规模的创建具有自主知识产权的国际品牌来实现上海制造业整体升级尚不现实。上海制造业在参与国际竞争和和产品价值链分工中,还要走一段时期的“国际代工”道路,并通过嵌入全球生产网络来提高技术能力,进而提升在国际分工中的位置。文章以上海大众为例,分析了上海大众升级的约束条件,以及上海大众实现由OEM、ODM向OBM升级的策略选择。     

基于要素禀赋的上海金融外包行业发展可行性研究

大量的海内外实践表明,发展金融外包对于一个国家、一座城市具有重要意义和强大吸引力.本文先从理论层面上,构建了"基于要素禀赋的外包行业发展可行性评价体系",之后通过问卷调研的方法,结合对应分析,研究了各要素禀赋对于上海发展金融外包的关联度,并对其匹配情况进行分析.实证研究表明:上海大力发展金融外包具有可行性.     

Productivity Growth, Efficiency and Outsourcing in Manufacturing and Service Industries

This paper is a survey of recent contributions to, and developments of, the relationship between outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in manufacturing and services. The objective is to provide a thorough and up–to–date survey that provides a significant discussion on data, as well as on the core methods of measuring efficiency and productivity. First, the readers are introduced to the measurement of partial and total factor productivity growth. Different parametric and non–parametric approaches to the productivity measurement in the context of static, dynamic and firm–specific modelling are discussed. Second, we survey the econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The issues of modelling, distributional assumptions and estimation methods are discussed assuming that cross–sectional or panel data are available. Third, the relationship between outsourcing and productivity growth in manufacturing and services is discussed. The correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Examples of varieties of relevant empirical applications, their findings and implications are presented. Fourth, measurement of inputs and outputs in manufacturing and services are discussed. Finally, to promote useful research, a number of factors important to the analysis of outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in the service sector are summarised.     

中小制造企业协同物流模式及其实现途径

阐述了协同物流的概念与意义,从其基本模式应用比较优势分析入手,提出一体化物流是中小制造企业构筑协同物流的切入点,同时对协同物流实现的具体途径及亟待注意和急需解决的问题也进行了探讨。     

产业集聚拉大了地区收入差距吗?——来自中国制造业的经验证据

选取了1999-2008年中国制造业的数据为分析样本,构建了产业集聚及其与制度因素交互项共同影响中国地区收入差距的面板数据计量模型,分别从全国层面和东、中、西部三大地区层面,实证研究了产业集聚对地区收入差距的影响,结果表明：产业集聚与制度因素变量的交互项对地区收入差距的影响要远大于制度变量本身所产生的影响,全国整体层面和东部地区的产业集聚水平提高将有利于缩小地区收入差距,而中部和西部两大地区的产业集聚水平提高将扩大地区收入差距。