刍议新医改政策对制药企业药品营销的影响

近年来,我国医药行业有很大发展,消费保持高速增长,但仍然存在制药企业规模小、研发弱、市场集中度低,药品流通领域"多、小、散、乱"等问题。新医改对制药企业的药品销售从产品、价格、渠道和促销等方面都带来影响。制药企业要认真研读此次新医改相关政策和文件,规避新医改政策给企业造成的不利影响,并利用此次医改的时机和国家对医药行业进行结构调整的机会,从战略层面上来研究和寻求对策。     

A serial supply chain of newsvendor problem with safety stocks under complete and partial information sharing

We consider a supply chain where multiple members are serially connected. The decision is to determine the ordering quantity of a member to the next upstream member in the supply chain. The basic cost model is similar to the newsvendor problem with additional consideration to safety stock. This paper presents optimal approaches for coordination of the supply chain under both complete and partial information sharing in order to maximize the total expected benefit. For complete information sharing we develop an optimal coordination algorithm. For partial information sharing, we propose an optimal coordination algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method and the Diagonal Quadratic Approximation Method. A numerical example is discussed to show the optimal convergence of ordering quantities and discuss the properties of the proposed algorithms.     

Linking product modularity and innovativeness to supply chain management in the Italian furniture industry

Much of the literature on modularity assumes that firms with modular products adopt modular organization. In the realm of supply chain management, no consensus has been reached on the effects of product modularity on supply chains (SC). This paper investigates whether SC choices depend on product modularity and innovativeness, and how SC choices can be aligned to these product features to maximize performance. A medium scale survey has been performed in the Italian furniture industry. By means of factor and cluster analyses, the SC of firms that introduced products with different levels of modularity and innovativeness have been compared. The results show that both product features must be considered when designing the SC.     

A tabu search heuristic for redesigning a multi-echelon supply chain network over a planning horizon

This paper addresses the problem of redesigning a supply chain network with multiple echelons and commodities. The problem belongs to a comprehensive class of network redesign problems previously introduced in the literature. Redesign decisions comprise the relocation of existing facilities to new sites under an available budget over a finite time horizon, the supply of commodities by upstream facilities, the inventory levels at storage facilities, and the flow of commodities through the network. The problem is modeled as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program. Feasible solutions are obtained by using a tabu search procedure that explores the space of the facility location variables. The latter prescribe the time periods in which changes in the network configuration occur. They are triggered by the setup of new facilities, which operate with capacity transferred from the existing facilities, and by closing the latter upon their entire relocation. As the problem is highly constrained, infeasible solutions with excess budget are allowed during the course of the search process. However, such solutions are penalized for their infeasibility. Computational experiments on realistically sized randomly generated instances indicate that this strategic oscillation scheme used in conjunction with tabu search performs very well.     

A multi-item fuzzy economic production quantity problem with a finite production rate

Inventory Management and production planning are essential tasks for every company in the industry. Therefore, the development of a large set of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models is needed. In this paper, a fuzzy multi-item Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model is developed. This paper contributes to the state-of-the-art with a theoretical study of a problem, where a company has to decide the size of some production batches under uncertain cycle times. The uncertainty will be handled with triangular fuzzy numbers and an analytical solution will be found to the optimization problem.     

Supply chain environmental investments in dynamic industries: Comparing investment and performance differences with static industries

Research linking investments in environmental practices to firm performance has matured over the past years. However, empirical research is still ambiguous on how and whether investments in environmental practices improve a plant's performance. We believe that contingency factors, especially the industry in which plants act has a significant role in the success of environmental investments. Using empirical data collected across a wide range of industries our results indicate that plants competing in dynamic industries such as apparel do on average invest less in supply chain environmental practices compared to plants in static industries. In addition, these environmental investments do not significantly improve operational performance in dynamic industries in terms of cost, quality, delivery and flexibility. However, in static industries environmental investments do significantly improve a plant's operational performance in terms of cost, quality and flexibility.     

Modeling defaults of companies in multi-stage supply chain networks

The interest in supply chain networks and their analysis as complex systems is rapidly growing. The physical approach to the topic draws on the concept of heterogenous interacting agents. The interaction among agents is considered as a repeated process of orders and production. The dynamics of production in the supply chain network which we observe is nonlinear due to the random failures in processes of orders and production. We introduce an agent-based model of a supply chain network which represents in more detail the real economic environment in which firms operate. We focus on the influence of local processes on the global economic behavior of the system and study how the proposed modifications change the general properties of the model. We observe collective bankruptcies of firms, which lead to self-emerging network structures. Our results give insight into the dynamics of default processes in supply chain networks, which have important implications both for risk managers and policy makers. Based on the simulations we show that agent-based modeling is a powerful tool for optimization of supply chain networks.     

煤炭产业链低碳经济发展模式分析

在构建煤炭产业链低碳评价指标体系的基础上,以煤—电—化产业链为例,分析了煤炭产业链低碳经济发展模式存在的不足,并提出相应的对策建议,从而为煤炭企业优化产业链、探索低碳发展之路提供理论支持和政策参考。     

洞察十大风险 谋划应变之策(中篇)——纵论我国煤炭企业新形势下发展危机的应变方略

对煤炭行业发展中存在的煤炭资源开发投资巨大、产能过剩风险,快速扩张上项目导致的资金链紧张风险,煤化工过度发展导致的结构性矛盾以及境外开发资源过程中的投资风险等做了深入细致的分析,提出了应对之策。     

兖矿集团煤电铝产业链模式浅论

回顾了兖矿集团煤电铝产业链的发展现状,分析了兖矿集团煤电铝产业链形成和发展的原因,论述了兖矿集团实施煤电铝产业链发展模式的具体实践。