Meanings of Food among Polish and American Young Women

Food carries different meanings across cultures and times. This study aimed to explore the meanings of food among young women in Poland and the United States using a qualitative approach. The findings show that, in both countries, women associate food with health, pleasure, and socializing, but overall Polish women are less emotional about food. More specifically, in the United States, women associate food with love, their identities, and have more conflictual feelings about food, whereas in Poland women associate food with creativity. The study discusses marketing implications of the results.     

Innovativeness and business relationships in women‐owned firms: The role of gender stereotypes

This paper investigates the relationship between business contacts and innovativeness in women‐owned firms and how women entrepreneurs’ perception of gender stereotypes affects this relationship. Data were collected through a survey of 107 women entrepreneurs in Spain. The results show that maintaining close contacts with managers/entrepreneurs in different industries and with customers is significant in explaining innovativeness in women‐owned firms. The stronger the women entrepreneurs’ perception of stereotypes that deviate from the masculine profile of the entrepreneur, the stronger the influence of these two types of close contact on innovativeness. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Let Their Voices Be Seen: Exploring Mental Mapping as a Feminist Visual Methodology for the Study of Migrant Women

This article explores how mental mapping can be used as a critical methodology for feminist migration studies. In a case study of female marriage migrants who settle in rural areas in South Korea from other Asian countries, I attempt to develop mental mapping to supplement verbal interviews. Mental maps of hometowns and current neighborhoods drawn by my interviewees represent their geographical imaginations and complex identity negotiations that mirror the change in their social locations. In order to understand multilayered meanings embedded in the images and the way in which power relations existent between the researcher and the researched affect the map production, I suggest a critical reading of the maps. The article shows how a reflexive and intertextual reading makes a difference to the interpretation of the maps. It argues that the maps are not mere reflections of the women's cognition, but rather socially constructed texts through which their desires, emotions, feelings and internal contradictions are expressed and negotiated. My research suggests that mental mapping, if ethically performed and critically evaluated, has potential as a means to convey the unheard voices of the marginalized to diverse audiences.     

国外女性创业研究的历程、动态与发展趋势

在过去二十多年时间中,全球女性创业发展十分迅速,对女性创业的研究也由此成为了学术界新的热点。研究内容从早期关注女性创业家的个体特征和创业动机扩展到资源获取、创业管理、创业绩效、社会网络、工作与家庭冲突等各个方面。本文首先回顾了国外女性创业研究的历程,并把它分为了萌芽、基础和发展三个阶段;其次,围绕个体、组织和环境三个层面对女性创业的研究动态进行文献疏理;最后,对女性创业研究将来可能的发展趋势做了展望。     

Gender Matters in Hospitality (invited paper for ‘luminaries’ special issue of International Journal of Hospitality Management)

This article is a review paper, which examines the place of gender in hospitality research and education and discusses the significance of hospitality for women's employment and entrepreneurship opportunities. The paper’s main purpose, however, is to speculate on the future of hospitality gender research and women’s employment prospects in the industry. It suggests that, despite the emergence of gender perspectives in hospitality research and the recent rise of popular feminism in response to high-profile sexual harassment cases and a well-publicised gender pay gap, gender still does not occupy mainstream territory in the field. The paper stresses the continued missed opportunities of neglecting female talent and calls on female and male leaders to shape a gender-just future in hospitality study and practice by mentoring and holding hierarchies to account. The paper identifies AI and robotics and sexual exploitation and harassment as two areas in which hospitality gender scholars could lead scholarship and policy debates on gendered human experiences.     

甘肃省市县区域居民心理差异调查研究

采用症状自评量表、男女双性化人格量表、社会支持量表对甘肃省河东河西两地居民进行心理差异调查,结果发现:(1)甘肃省城乡居民心理健康的总体水平较低,总症状指数白银地区显著地大于其它7个地区,天水地区显著地大于酒泉地区;阳性症状痛苦水平白银地区显著地大于武威、定西、张掖、酒泉和平凉五个地区,天水地区显著地大于武威地区,定西地区显著地大于张掖地区;(2)八个地理区域在9个因子上的检验结果均达到显著;(3)八个地理区域居民社会支持在总分、客观支持分和主观支持分上无显著差异,但在对支持的利用度上存在显著差异;(4)八个地理区域除在女性化上的分布差异不显著外,在其它三种性别类型上的分布存在显著差异。     

农地流转中的妇女决策行为影响因素分析--以江苏省泰州市农村调查为例

研究目的:揭示农地流转中妇女决策的行为特征.研究方法:问卷调查与Logistic模型分析.研究结果:妇女耕地占家庭耕地的比例、家庭非农就业率、单位土地面积收入、家庭女性是否拥有土地等因素对妇女家庭的土地流转决策权方面具有决定性作用.同时,农村妇女教育水平的提高更会使得其维持现状.研究结论:针对影响农村妇女土地权益的因素,采取相关措施,以在农地流转中切实保护妇女的土地权益.     

我国城镇已婚妇女照料父母与自评健康的关系研究

我国老年人以非正式照料为主,妇女承担了主要的照料责任。政府减少对非正式老年照料的支持以及老年人口的快速增长将会加重家庭中女性的照料负担。利用1997、2000、2004和2006年中国营养与健康调查(CHNS)数据和Ordered Probit模型来研究城镇已婚妇女照料父母及其自评健康的关系。在我国城镇,与不照料父母相比,照料父母的已婚妇女更倾向于报告较差的健康水平,并且"自评健康状况非常好"的概率减小,而"自评健康状况一般"的概率增大。应该关注日益繁重的照料责任,以及工作与家庭照料之间的激烈竞争可能给妇女的心理、身体和社会福利带来的负面影响。     

Organizing women for combat: The experience of the FARC in the Colombian war

The FARC, which used to be Colombia's main guerrilla force and is now in the midst of a peace process, was to a great extent a feminized group. This paper discusses why it recruited so many women, and why it recruited them as combatants. We suggest that only when the FARC adopted a highly hierarchical, self‐contained, and militaristic organizational blueprint did it get involved in the massive recruitment of women as combatants. We discuss the way in which organizational mechanisms and ideology interacted to produce such an outcome, and how this interaction marked both the organization and the trajectories of the women who joined it.