试论非正规就业--兼谈我国妇女的非正规就业

非正规就业已成为下岗失业职工寻求再就业的主要渠道，在缓解就业压力方面发挥着越来越重要的作用：加强对非正规就业问题的研究，积极促进妇女就业，具有重大的战略意义。     

斯皮瓦克的"属下女性"批评论

佳亚特里·C·斯皮瓦克是美国当下最活跃的后殖民批评家之一,她始终站在女性的立场上,以“属下女性”为批评和关注的焦点,运用马克思主义和解构主义等策略,坚定不移地针对资本主义后工业时代的种种问题进行着文化文本政治批判,因此她将自己描述成“实践性的解构主义女性马克思主义者”。她的“属下”概念是其后殖民批评的理论根基,又是其女权主义批评的精髓所在。从“属下”出发,通过解构和批判,她剥去笼罩在“属下女性”身上的各种权利话语对女性主体意识的遮蔽,揭露出帝国主义文化霸权对第三世界的统治和压迫,并通过解构历史的方法为属下的主体意识去蔽,批评矛头直指西方的话语霸权和认知断裂。     

中国社会的变迁与女子竞技体育运动发展的关系

翻阅历史文化资料,从这些内容与其对应的各个历史时期的社会政治、经济、思想意识等各方面的具体情况来看,我们可以了解到：我国女子体育文化的兴衰流变与当时的政治背景、社会背景有着密切关系。本文从社会学角度、女性角度论述我国社会的变迁与我国女子竞技体育运动之间的关系,指出女子竞技体育运动的发展,最终取决于当时的社会生产力、经济发展水平。本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法对我国女子竞技体育的发展与社会变迁关系进行综述。     

外来农村妇女职业流动及其影响因素分析——以泉州市流动人口为例

职业流动对社会及进城务工的外来农村妇女至关重要。利用2005年7月在泉州市的调查数据,对外来农村妇女职业流动状况及影响因素进行了分析和探讨,为促进外来农村妇女顺利实现职业流动与向上流动提供了依据和对策。     

Spanish tourism migrants : The case of Lloret de Mar

This paper details experiences of Spanish tourism migrants in a Costa Brava resort, Lloret de Mar. Employment in these resorts is largely seasonal, “unskilled” with long hours and low pay. Much of the labor force consists of women from rural areas where stable employment is scarce, and for whom migration can bring some improvement in their position in the household and the labor market. Migrants can redefine gender roles and reassess their class position, including attitudes toward unions. However, their immediate employers often operate on low profit margins, and as seasonal workers, tourism migrants are especially vulnerable to down-turns in the industry as well as to pressure from high national unemployment. These influences have hindered union organization. Tourism migration can bring temporary improvement for individual migrants, but has represented no more than a half-way house. It reflects lack of rural development, while providing no solution.     

流动育龄妇女人工流产职业风险因素分析

为了解流动育龄妇女人工流产的职业风险因素,利用2005年全国五城市流动人口生殖健康调查数据,采用多因素Logistic回归模型,分析职业因素与流动育龄人工流产风险的关联。流动育龄妇女的职业因素与其人工流产风险存在统计学关联。育龄妇女的流入地打工年数、是否与配偶共同居住、从事的职业均可能增加其人工流产风险。针对上述危险因素对流动育龄妇女开展健康教育,可有效预防和减少流动育龄妇女的人工流产发生风险。     

Factories, Forests, Fields and Family: Gender and Neoliberalism in Extractive Reserves

This paper explores the theoretical debates on extraction and development in Amazonia, and the emergence of extractive reserves (ERs) as a tropical development alternative. It reviews the role of women in Amazonian rural economies and then analyzes the (often invisible) tasks of women within the reserves through an analysis of the gender division of labour in the collecting and processing of non-timber forest products and agriculture. It then considers how lack of attention to rural women's labour obligations played out in a development project, Projeto Castanha, that began as an urban factory, but was later recast as a neoliberal decentralized processing and outsourcing programme. The project failed to appreciate the demands on, and the opportunity costs, of women's time and thus had very limited success as women withdrew their labour. The paper argues that there may be many more options for supporting extractive economies (and the women who work in them) in more peri-urban and village projects even though extractive reserves are valuable ecologically and socially in the regional economy.     

Marriages are Made in Kitchens: The European Marriage Pattern and Life-Cycle Servanthood in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam

Due to methodological difficulties of historical research on women’s labor, little is known of women’s contribution to household incomes in preindustrial economies. This article is the first to use domestic servants’ wages, as documented in account books from the period 1752–1805, to estimate the capital that women could accumulate during their years of service before marriage. As such, it offers a new perspective on women’s contribution to household resources. Results show that servants working for the most well-off households in eighteenth-century Amsterdam could save a marriage budget that was between one-third and half of the capital that an unskilled man could save in the same amount of time. Furthermore, servants’ wages would in theory have been sufficient to support a family of four at the subsistence level, illustrating that women’s wages and potential savings cannot be ignored.     

Microfinance Intervention in Poverty Reduction: A Study of Women Farmer-Entrepreneurs in Rural Ghana

This paper examines microfinance intervention in rural poverty reduction in Ghana by surveying 100 rural women farmer-entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that microfinance interventions that emphasize both credit provision and social intermediation improve access to credit, improve business performance, and contribute to a higher standard of living for female farmer-entrepreneurs and their families. The results show that the microfinance scheme has been successful due to a strong social network and group relationships among the farmers. An implication of the study is that poverty reduction programs in developing countries need to emphasize social and human development components in microfinancing policies.