中国城乡老年健康及照料状况研究

人口老龄化背景下我国城乡的老年健康及老年照料问题日益严重。利用中国城乡老年人状况调查数据、全国残疾人抽样调查数据以及国家卫生服务利用调查数据,从两周患病率、慢性病患病率、残疾水平、自评健康以及健康预期寿命等方面分析了我国城乡老年人的健康状况,探讨了目前我国城乡老年人的照料提供来源。提出了人口老龄化趋势下提高老年健康水平,应对老年人口照料危机的政策建议。     

大学生医疗保障制度创新研究——基于厦门大学的实证调查

大学生的医疗保障问题日益突出。目前针对大学生医疗保障改革的基本思路还不明朗,具体的方案也仅在个别地区试行,并且没有形成较为统一的政策。结合厦门大学的调研资料,分析了目前大学生公费医疗的现状,提出建制理念,旨在建立一种能够有效保障大学生切身利益的医疗保障制度。     

财政支出结构、人力资本积累与经济增长

本文通过构建四部门模型,分析了财政支出结构与人力资本积累对经济增长的作用,研究发现：财政支出结构对经济增长的作用是不确定的,依据公共支出与生产性支出之间的不同比例关系而异;人力资本对于经济增长的作用是不确定的,依人力资本存量存量是否达到一定的临界条件而异,而这一作用的大小受制于教育资金中政府投入比重与财政支出中公共支出比重;基础设施投资与公共卫生支出能促进经济增长,但这一正向效应的大小受制于财政支出中公共支出的比重;政府教育投资有助于经济增长,这一作用的大小与教育投资回报率密切相关。     

中国老龄人口生存状况之窥视——以京郊密云县为例

中国老龄人口的生存状况一直是政府和学术界所关注的问题,而北京又是全国人口老龄化较为严重的城市之一。本文以密云县老龄人口群体作为研究对象,运用问卷和访谈的调查方法,分析当地老龄人口的收入与支出状况、生活和健康及医疗状况,结果表明：当地老龄人口的文化程度、经济收入普遍较低,且其收入构成多样化、城乡养老及医疗保障差别大、慢性病患病率高、情感需求得不到有效满足,其根源主要在于老龄事业滞后于社会经济发展、城乡养老保险政策差异大、医疗保障起点低等,进而提出了提高对老龄化问题的认识、建立健全相关政策法规、完善养老保障体系、加强社区卫生服务、做好老年福利设施建设规划、积极发展老龄产业等对策与建议。     

大学生锻炼动机和锻炼行为的关系:自我心智模式的调节效应

大学生参与锻炼活动备受关注,既有研究着重考察了锻炼动机和锻炼行为之间的关系。本研究进一步深入探讨了大学生的显性自我心智模式和隐性自我心智模式对锻炼动机和锻炼行为这一关系的调节作用。通过问卷调研和隐性联系测试方法,发现显性自我心智模式对锻炼动机和锻炼行为这一关系的影响有限;而隐性自我心智模式对这一关系的影响显著;并且锻炼动机、显性自我心智模式和隐性自我心智模式的三次交互项显著影响锻炼行为。结果说明,相对于显性自我心智模式,隐性自我心智模式对锻炼动机和锻炼行为关系的影响更为重要。     

思想政治教育与心理健康教育契合的可行性和必要性

思想政治教育在高校具体实践过程中,往往容易忽视学生的心理需求和个性的发展,很难形成接受主流价值观的健康心理基础;而心理健康教育容易浮于形式,难以真正起到培养大学生正确思想观念的作用。只有使思想政治教育与心理健康教育相互借鉴,共同进步,发挥教育合力,才能培养出符合社会需要的人才。     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户公平性研究

本文采用保险精算模型研究城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户的不公平性,结果显示:个人账户确实造成了门诊医疗服务分配的不公平,工资收入在社会平均工资90%以下的人群不能很好地享受门诊医疗服务,而且收入越高,个人账户结余额越高。最后,本文提出了相应的政策调整方案以缩小人群之间的不公平程度。     

In the wake of conflict: the long-term effect on child nutrition in Uganda

The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency from 1986 to 2006 is one of the longest conflicts in Uganda. This paper examines the effect of the LRA insurgency on child nutrition using the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. The distance from each village to the border of South Sudan is used as an instrument for identifying the intensity of the conflict. We find that each conflict event in a village lowers weight-for-age z-scores and weight-for-height z-scores for children born after the conflict. We further investigate a possible heterogeneous conflict effect on child nutrition in terms of gender, region, and maternal education. Low household wealth, limited access to healthcare, and poor maternal nutrition appear to be channels through which the conflict inhibits the growth and development of children 5 years after the end of the conflict.     

Do Community Supported Agriculture programmes encourage change to food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes? New evidence from shareholders

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programmes have recently received attention for their potential to influence food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes, though studies have mostly drawn from small samples (n?t-tests assess if paired means are statistically different, and multiple regressions of paired differences on socioeconomic factors, self-reported health, and years of CSA enrolment estimate the effect of respondent characteristics on behaviour change. The results strongly suggest that CSAs have the potential to positively impact shareholders’ food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes, and that those reporting ‘poor health’ prior to CSA enrolment exhibited the most change overall. These results should be taken as an initial, yet promising, analysis of the impact of CSA participation on shareholder food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes.     

What Initiatives Are British Food Retailers Taking to Improve Children’s Health and Nutrition?

Along with food manufacturers, retailers contribute directly to the national diet. While efforts to reformulate private-label products have been assessed, little research considers other voluntary initiatives to impact public health. We explore efforts targeting children’s health and nutrition. Making use of the corporate social responsibility reports of the seven leading retailers from 2006 to 2011, we examine the types of actions, by which retail chains and when. Before 2008, most retailers reported on initiatives promoting children’s nutrition education and physical activity in schools. Since 2009, references to such programs have decreased, with a shift toward child wellness. We find that retailers differ in approaches and commitment. Those with larger market shares mention initiatives more frequently. Most activities are related to nutrition education, developing cooking skills, and promotion of physical activity and not product reformulation. Our research suggests these efforts are not coordinated, might be misplaced, and do not persist over time.