城市外来人口的户籍身份与卫生服务利用——以昆明市官渡区为例

基于最新的研究动向与成果,按照区域分割和城乡分割相结合的双重视角,探讨外来农业人口、外来城市人口、本地农业人口和本地城市人口在卫生服务利用上的差异。城乡分割主要是"遗产性"的影响,表现为外来人口内部的农业(户籍)人口与非农业(户籍)人口在流入地卫生服务利用上的差距;区域分割的影响显著,表现为两个外来人口群体与本地人口之间在获取城市卫生服务上的差距。外来农业人口受区域分割和城乡分割的双重影响,处于研究群体的最底层,使用私人诊所和在家接生的概率最大。     

Biosecurity risk and peri‐urban landholders – using a stakeholder consultative approach to build a risk communication strategy

This article presents a straightforward and highly participatory methodology for addressing government agencies’ concerns with effective communication strategies for biosecurity when stakeholders are diverse and there is uncertainty about their levels of knowledge. The case study was among peri‐urban landholders in an area where serious animal disease infestation has occurred within the last 10 years. Initially we engaged stakeholders in a consultative process that included establishing a stakeholder influence and interest map for both weeds and animal diseases. This was followed with a mental model approach involving surveys and in‐depth interviews. We elicited information about landholders’ knowledge, practices, values and beliefs regarding biosecurity risk. Our consultative process generated examples that indicate that effective risk communication relies on establishing and affirming mutual levels of trust and credibility between landholders and agencies. While this finding is not surprising, we argue that attention to stakeholder consultative processes is central to overcoming barriers to changing practices and building awareness. Secondly, our data confirmed that while smaller landholders were the initial target for the communication, all landholders represented a similar level of biosecurity risk. Therefore, our approach was critical in overcoming external assumptions about particular actors. Finally, our data pointed to the need to develop a whole of landscape approach to biosecurity risk communication strategy in consultation with local stakeholders.     

我国城镇已婚妇女照料父母与自评健康的关系研究

我国老年人以非正式照料为主,妇女承担了主要的照料责任。政府减少对非正式老年照料的支持以及老年人口的快速增长将会加重家庭中女性的照料负担。利用1997、2000、2004和2006年中国营养与健康调查(CHNS)数据和Ordered Probit模型来研究城镇已婚妇女照料父母及其自评健康的关系。在我国城镇,与不照料父母相比,照料父母的已婚妇女更倾向于报告较差的健康水平,并且"自评健康状况非常好"的概率减小,而"自评健康状况一般"的概率增大。应该关注日益繁重的照料责任,以及工作与家庭照料之间的激烈竞争可能给妇女的心理、身体和社会福利带来的负面影响。     

电子健康发展中的障碍及对策初探

电子健康是包括电子健康档案、数字化医疗及卫生保健集于一体的新型医疗保健模式。但在电子健康发展的过程中,存在着观念、技术、法律、道德等方面的障碍,文章就其发展过程中遇到的障碍进行分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

关于高校创造性教育的思考

创造性教育是高等教育的重要任务和目标。高校创造性教育的基础是心理健康教育。创造性教育与心理健康教育是相互作用、相互促进的互动关系；高校创造性教育的关键是个性教育。个性教育的最终目标是发展学生的创造力，使之成为创造型的人才；高校创造性教育的途径是教学活动。创造性人才的培养，有赖于学校创造性的教育，而学校实施教育的途径是教学。     

Does children’s marriage matter for parents' mental health？Evidence from China

How to effectively alleviate mental disorders among elderly individuals is an important issue. Children are important financial and spiritual supporters of parents. However, whether there are upward spillovers from children to parents remains understudied. Using the instrumental variable (IV) method and data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper estimates the causal effect of children's marriage on the mental health of older parents. The IV estimation results demonstrate that having unmarried children is associated with a significant deterioration in parental mental health, especially in older, less educated, poor and male groups. Further evidence suggests that having unmarried children leads to significant changes in parents' economic behaviors, including labor supply, consumption, and savings; this indicates that parents are more likely to actively respond to their children’s unmarried status by increasing labor supply, reducing consumption and increasing savings rather than by engaging in negative behaviors.     

中国老龄人口生存状况之窥视——以京郊密云县为例

中国老龄人口的生存状况一直是政府和学术界所关注的问题,而北京又是全国人口老龄化较为严重的城市之一。本文以密云县老龄人口群体作为研究对象,运用问卷和访谈的调查方法,分析当地老龄人口的收入与支出状况、生活和健康及医疗状况,结果表明：当地老龄人口的文化程度、经济收入普遍较低,且其收入构成多样化、城乡养老及医疗保障差别大、慢性病患病率高、情感需求得不到有效满足,其根源主要在于老龄事业滞后于社会经济发展、城乡养老保险政策差异大、医疗保障起点低等,进而提出了提高对老龄化问题的认识、建立健全相关政策法规、完善养老保障体系、加强社区卫生服务、做好老年福利设施建设规划、积极发展老龄产业等对策与建议。     

工程伦理视角下的建筑工程困境研究与对策

在我国工程建设中,由工程伦理所引发的工程问题,已经威胁到了社会稳定和人民群众安全。在推动工程建设健康发展的问题上,工程伦理提供了新的视角和途径。基于工程伦理内涵,通过工程伦理三重维度来分析工程建设健康发展困境以及探究工程伦理实践化的路径,以图有效改善建筑工程安全生态环境,逐步体现公正和谐的工程伦理精神。     

In Data We Trust? An Analysis of Indonesian Socioeconomic Survey Data

What if a popular dataset that has generated a large amount of literature has been misunderstood and has led to misleading inferences? This paper examines household expenditure data from the Indonesian National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), which started more than 50 years ago. Appropriate use of Susenas data for policy analysis requires an understanding that the survey’s expenditure variable does not measure true out-of-pocket expenses, because it includes subsidies received by households when obtaining goods and services. We also highlight an abrupt change in the survey instrument that occurred in 2015, when the reference period for certain items was extended. For health items, this generated a change in the expenditure series that can be misinterpreted as being the result of a social health insurance reform introduced in 2014 to lower the health care burden on households. Accordingly, we propose a way to account for this artificial expenditure movement in Susenas.     

观念、制度与利益:中国医疗卫生体制改革的路径探讨

中国医疗卫生体制在当前效率低下又失之公平的情况下,亟待改革。改革的必要性与紧迫性已为学界所认同,但对于如何改革却观点各异。新一轮医疗卫生体制改革若要取得成功,政府首先要以"全民健康至上"的理念替代以往偏激的"创收"理念,其次以医院的均衡化发展和医生职能的理性回归为制度突破点,最后以对医疗卫生服务的提供者和消费者同时带来合理利益为最终保障。其中,观念的转换是至为关键的一环。