女性农民工媒介形象的偏差塑造现象研究

随着城乡统筹步伐的加快,越来越多的女性农民工涌进城市。传媒对女性农民工群体关注不够,在报道规模、报道质量上存在着话语权缺失化、形象类型化、权益浅表化现象。传媒从业人员的偏见和歧视、对商业利益的追求、职业道德的缺失造成了这类传播现象。鉴于此,在报道中广开言论渠道,坚持客观公正,拓展理性报道,是重构女性农民工真实传媒形象的有效途径。     

农村剩余劳动力培训能促进产业转移吗?

文章综合发展经济学Lewis模型和新经济地理学Krugman模型,构建了农村剩余劳动力跨区转移的空间经济模型,根据2005-2013年中国内地31个省份和2010-2012年河南省109个县两个层面的面板数据,采用面板和双重差分估计方法实证检验了农村剩余劳动力转移培训的产业转移效应.研究表明:(1)当前针对"转移农村劳动力"的培训补贴政策并无"产业转移效应",而存在"城市化效应".(2)"就地转移劳动力"培训补贴政策同样不存在"产业转移效应",而其"城市化效应"更强;唯有针对"欠发达地区企业"的劳动力培训补贴政策,在区域一体化水平突破 "门槛值"时才有"产业转移效应".文章研究的重要启示是:中西部地区若以促进城市化为目的,选择"就地转移劳动力"补贴更有效;而若以吸引产业转移为目的,则一方面需要针对"欠发达地区企业"的劳动力培训进行补贴,另一方面需要着重提高区域一体化水平.同时,若要实现农村剩余劳动力培训的产业转移效应,则需要改变现有的培训补贴方式,由向政府培训提供补贴转为向企业培训提供补贴.     

Unskilled Migration: A Burden or a Boon for the Welfare State?

As relatively low earners, migrants are net beneficiaries of the welfare state. Therefore, in a static setup, migration may be resisted by the entire native-born population. However, it is shown that in a dynamic setup with a pension system, which is an important pillar of any welfare state, migration is beneficial to all income (high and low) and all age (old and young) groups, when the economy has good access to international capital markets. The pro-migration feature of the dynamic model is weakened and possibly overturned when the economy does not have good access to such markets. In this case, to the extent that factor prices are significantly affected by migration because of low substitution between labour and capital, low-skill native born and possibly also high-skill native born may lose.     

The selection of migrants and returnees in Romania

This paper uses census and survey data to identify the wage earning ability and the selection of recent Romanian migrants and returnees on observable characteristics. We construct measures of selection across skill groups and estimate the average and the skill‐specific premium for migration and return for three typical destinations of Romanian migrants after 1990. Once we account for migration costs, we find evidence that the selection and sorting of migrants are driven by different returns to skills in countries of destination. Our identification strategy for the effects of work experience abroad permits a cautious causal interpretation of the premium to return migration. This premium increases with migrants' skills and drives the positive selection of returnees relative to non‐migrants. Based on the compatibility of the results with rationality in the migration decisions, we simulate a rational‐agent model of education, migration and return. Our results suggest that for a source country like Romania relatively high rates of temporary migration might have positive long‐run effects on average skills and wages.     

Attitude towards immigrants and security: Effects on destination-loyal tourists

This study was conducted in the midst of a surge of undocumented immigrants into a popular seasonal migrant destination in the U.S. and the subsequent state response of adding security forces. Factors examined include the effects of the role of media in shaping perceptions about security forces, perceptions about security force effectiveness, perceptions of undocumented immigrants and political orientation. The study of 413 respondents found that attitudes toward undocumented immigrants affect felt safety in the region, likelihood of recommending and returning to the region. Perceptions of the effectiveness of the security forces were important in affecting likelihood of recommending the region to others but not return intention. These and other findings contribute significantly to the scant research on both effectiveness of crises management responses and on effects of perceptions of undocumented immigrants on traveler behavior.     

迁移模式对农民工人际网络构建的影响研究

利用2011年全国流动人口抽样调查数据,运用多元logistic回归分析模型,研究迁移模式对农民工重构人际网络的影响。迁移意愿在迁移模式影响人际网络的过程中起到显著作用;迁移距离和迁移规模对两个阶段人际网络都产生负影响,迁移时间对两个阶段人际网络都产生正影响;农民工在初级人际网络建立阶段群体差异不大,呈现"内卷性"群体特征,迁移距离和迁移时间都不显著,而在新型人际网络构建阶段群体差异显现,三种迁移模式均显著,构成新型人际网络差异性的重要原因;受教育程度、就业身份等显著影响人际网络的构建。     

社会关系再构建、职业阶层与农民工收入

在分析社会关系再构建和职业阶层与收入这一传统议题时,从两个方面对原有研究框架进行了扩充:一是在职业阶层的划分中纳入自雇经营;二是将社会关系再构建的作用分为了通过职业阶层影响收入的间接作用和对特定职业阶层就业者收入的直接作用两种。利用实地调查数据对提出的理论假设进行了检验。运用访谈资料对研究结果进行了解释并探讨了研究结果的政策含义。     

“啃老”:事实还是偏见——基于中国4城市青年调查数据的实证分析

青年的"啃老"现象引起了广泛的社会关注。基于家庭代际交换理论,从日常生活及住房两个维度,量化界定"啃老"概念,对中国已婚青年的"啃老"现状进行实证研究,探索影响因素及其强度,特别关注独生子女与流动人口群体的"啃老"特征。中国已婚青年确实存在较为普遍的"啃老"行为,但主要表现在住房资源维度;独生子女在住房及日常的家庭代际交换中更倾向于"啃老"和"强啃老";流动减少了青年的"啃老"风险,但未显著提高其对父代的赡养可能性。已婚青年的年龄、受教育程度、户口性质、经济收入与父代特征等也是显著的影响因素。     

Sustainable forest management: heritage tourism,biodiversity, and upland communities in the Philippines

This paper discusses sustainable forest management in the context of forest-based tourism in the Philippines. Integrating heritage tourism in the implementation of forest management is paramount because the quality and sustainability of nature tourism depend on the ecological integrity of forests. The role of tourism in achieving the goals of sustainable forest management is crucial especially in countries such as the Philippines where the demands for forest resources for tourism and other purposes have been increasing. The tourism management strategies to achieve sustainable forest management in the Philippines include establishing recreational zones within protected forests; using different native fruit-bearing trees in reforestation to attract diverse wildlife, which is a drawcard in tourism; prohibiting illegal collections of threatened forest species for souvenirs; enhancing the tourism and conservation values of botanic gardens within forest reserves; providing supplementary livelihoods to upland dwellers via agroforestry projects; and respecting the culture and practices of indigenous upland people while supporting their economic and traditional subsistence.     

农村流动人口研究的社会网络视角

对社会网络理论的发展和应用进行了回顾,重点评述国内外关于流动人口的社会网络研究。国外利用社会网络视角系统研究流动人口的成果相对较少,而国内的流动人口研究主要集中于农村流动人口的网络结构分析和求职网络研究。多数研究只是对个体网络的基本特性作描述性分析,将社会网络作为研究对象而不是研究方法。对未来利用社会网络分析方法进行农村流动人口的研究提出了展望。