民用物流在经济动员活动中的应用研究

物流活动是经济动员准备、实施、复员过程中的一项重要活动,直接决定着物力动员的效率和效益。在分析动员物流的内涵及主要形式的基础上,重点分析动员过程中利用民用物流的主要形式及特点,并提出在动员过程中提高民用物流利用程度的措施。     

Sovereign rents and quality of tax policy and administration

Windfall revenues from foreign aid or natural resource exports can weaken governments’ incentives to design or maintain efficient tax systems. Cross-country data for developing countries provide evidence for this hypothesis, using a World Bank indicator on “efficiency of revenue mobilization.” Aid’s negative effects on quality of tax systems are robust to correcting for potential reverse causality, to changes in the sample, and to alternative estimation methods. Revenues from natural resources are also associated with lower-quality tax systems, but results are somewhat sensitive to the choice of resource dependence indicators, and to a few extreme values in the data. Disaggregating by resource type, revenues from fuel exports are found to be more strongly associated than revenues from metals and ores exports with inefficient tax systems.     

中原崛起的金融困境分析

通过分析河南省金融发展的现状发现：河南省储蓄动员能力较弱,金融效率低下,放大了中原崛起的资本缺口;金融结构优化滞后,金融发展迟缓,致使其金融结构与产出占全国的比重非对称现象较为突出;较低的金融市场化水平是制约河南经济市场化水平提升的重大羁绊,成为河南经济凹陷的重要成因。因此,启动金融杠杆,在信贷政策、利率调控、存款准备金政策、金融机构准入、货币市场与资本市场建设等方面及时推出相应的优惠措施,成为促进中原崛起的必由之路。     

Socio-economic appraisal of agitations by local oil communities: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper examines socio-economic drivers of agitations in local oil communities. It applies marginal willingness to accept pay as a quantitative approach to measure tendency of local communities to agitate against environmental degradation. This approach was used to estimate drivers of agitations among indigenous people of Ogoni community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The analyses involved a cross sectional survey with 326 households selected in the community through a stratified random sample. Ordinal logistic (Ologit) models were estimated using the collected data. The paper presents evidence that poverty level and perception are the major socio-economic drivers of agitations against environmental degradation in the community (P < 0.05). In addition, it recommends marginal willingness to accept payment as an alternative quantitative approach for estimating tendency to agitate against social or environmental changes.     

大规模作战地方油料动员工作的几点思考

油料动员是战时油料保障能力的重要增长点。着眼大规模作战油料动员需求,从建立新型油料动员模式、做好油料动员准备、完善油料动员法规预案等方面提出了对策措施,以期为我军油料动员能力建设提供参与。     

A Honey‐Sealed Alliance: Mayan Beekeepers in the Yucatan Peninsula versus Transgenic Soybeans in Mexico's Last Tropical Forest

The peasant economy of the Yucatan Peninsula is sustained by agriculture and beekeeping. Honey production has great economic importance, given that it represents the main source of income for Mayan rural families. Furthermore, Mexico is the world's fourth‐largest exporter of honey. The honey comes from jungle that covers the peninsular territory and forms part of a production system that broadly utilizes forestry resources. Two new situations emerged in 2011 that detonated social mobilization to defend beekeeping: the Mexican government authorized the planting of transgenic soybeans, while the European Union announced that honey that originated from transgenic pollen would have to be labelled (‘contains transgenics’), whereas honey importers demand transgenic‐free honey. The introduction of transgenic soybeans in the Yucatan Peninsula is part of the modern, industrial agricultural impetus in the region, which is entering into conflict with the Mayan peasant agriculture and threatens the survival of the most important Mexican tropical forest. A movement alliance was built among different social actors, including Mayan communities, beekeeper and civil‐society organizations, universities and honey‐exporting entrepreneurs, who developed an opposition and a resistance strategy to the cultivation of transgenic soybeans. Their repertoire has included collective legal, educational and organizational action, scientific research, mobilization, information, a media presence and lobbying. This mobilization has yielded results, as in 2015 the judiciary power invalidated the authorization of the cultivation of transgenic soybeans.     

An Alternative to the Impasse

Abstract

The volume of violence portrayed in American mass media has caused concern for decades, but media self-interests, weak governmental policies, and the First Amendment protection for freedom of expression have stymied efforts to improve media content. Grassroots endeavors to alert parents to possible negative effects may be a more effective approach. “Pulling the Plug on Media Violence,” a campaign aimed at escalating consumer awareness, has been implemented by a volunteer group in North Carolina. This study, using the results of a statewide poll, evaluates the campaign's effectiveness and provides useful findings for future efforts devoted to similar issues. The survey shows that although awareness of the campaign was high, the level of concern about media effects was not influenced directly. Religiosity, gender and parenthood were found to be the most important factors linked to higher levels of concern about media violence. Future efforts to mobilize an anti-violence effort may want to target messages to parents (especially mothers) and work with churches in order to increase active involvement.     

国民经济动员物流系统应变能力评价——基于突变模糊隶属函数

通过分析国民经济动员物流系统的构成要素,对动员物流系统应变能力概念进行了描述定义。构建了动员物流系统应变能力评价指标体系。利用突变评价法对我国6省的国民经济动员物流系统应变能力进行了评价,分析了评价结果并提出改进建议。评价结果表明,突变评价法是一种客观、合理、有效的评价方法。     

Reflections on PATCO’s Legacy: Labor’s Strategic Challenges Persist

The 1981 PATCO strike stands out as a symbol of union decline. The penchant to stigmatize PATCO detracts from important aspects of the union’s unorthodox strategy. Preparations for 1981 negotiations were coordinated by rank-and-file activists who referred to themselves as ‘choir boys’. An extensive mobilization network cultivated by the ‘choir boys’ contributed to cohesiveness and in effect democratized PATCO. The union’s effectiveness in building internal solidarity was its most notable accomplishment. Twenty-first-century labor-movement revitalization will require not only strong, creative leadership but also rank-and-file mobilization in the mold of PATCO’s ‘choir boy’ system. It is this type of grassroots activism that has the potential to promote an internal culture of militant action which can serve as the foundation for union growth.