基于造价的路线方案优化要点及在连贺高速上的应用

我国西南部山区山岭连绵庞大,地形复杂,高速公路桥隧规模普遍偏大,工程造价较高。本文结合广西连山至贺州公路的设计经验,对山区高速公路在设计阶段从总体路线角度优化降低工程造价的方法进行了研究和总结。     

Optimal Design of Agri‐environmental Schemes under Asymmetric Information for Improving Farmland Biodiversity

Information asymmetry is one of the main obstacles to the effective design and implementation of agri‐environmental schemes (AES). The literature has generally addressed this issue through the use of principal‐agent models (PAM). We develop a PAM to support optimal design of a new AES for improving farmland biodiversity. We use the results of choice experiments to assess both the costs incurred by the agent for the provision of biodiversity and the resulting social benefits. We also make a number of novel contributions such as the inclusion of a non‐linear non‐compliance detection curve, a sensitivity analysis to identify which parameter estimates have a critical impact on PAM results, and analysis of the efficiency of different sanction scenarios. The results suggest that: (i) the second‐best solutions differ significantly from the optimal solutions attainable with perfect information, with farmers being strongly over‐compensated for the extra costs associated with improved biodiversity; (ii) monitoring levels should be higher; (iii) the sanction system should be tougher. Sensitivity analysis shows the need for accurate estimates of the marginal cost of public funds and the costs and benefits associated with the public goods, which represent the key parameters determining PAM results.     

2019年北京世园会山形水系理论研究及营造

在对传统叠山理水艺术进行深入研究的基础上，借鉴往届世园会园区以及多个中国经典山水园林案例，从世园会项目的本质入手，总结山形水系营造理法。方案依托延庆优良的山水格局，充分利用园区的现状竖向条件、植被和水文地质资源，提出了北京世园会园区竖向规划的总体理念和原则，确定了园区的山水格局，着重论述了主山主湖营造的过程，并且结合园艺，形成具有独特意境的山水景观，通过中国园林叠山理水向世界诠释“园艺”。     

Ecological compensation standards of national scenic spots in western China: A case study of Taibai Mountain

One of the impacts of tourism activities on national scenic spots in western China is that local residents have lost some of their rights to benefit from natural resources. The establishment of reasonable ecological compensation standards is an important means of addressing the contradicting interests of stakeholders. Using the ecological footprint (EF) method, the compensation standard for local residents is determined based on a measurement of the touristic ecological footprint (TEF) of the Taibai Mountain scenic spot (TMSS) and the EF of Tangyu Town. The results show that the TEF of the TMSS in 2015 was 13,803.66 ha, the EF and the biological capacity (BC) of Tangyu Town were 83,879.71 ha and 61,722.96 ha, respectively. Thus, the per capita ecological compensation standard is USD 465.76. This study proposes measures to reduce the TEF, improve the implementation of the compensation mechanism and effectively raise funds for ecological compensation.     

山地冰川变化监测研究综述

加速的山地冰川和冰帽的储量消融对海平面上升、区域水循环和水资源可获取性均有重要影响,研究和掌握冰川分布特征和变化态势对很多地区的长期规划、资源管理与灾害预防十分重要,急需开展和加强相关研究。本文回顾了国内外山地冰川监测研究的相关文献,并对未来研究的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

多元灾害驱动下的山地农业生态经济:脆弱性与恢复力研究

山地农业生态系统是一个典型的复杂社会生态系统,受到自然灾害与人类活动的双重干扰,多维脆弱性与灾害恢复力是国际上研究的热点与前沿问题。测量、模拟和分析复杂的山地"生态-经济"系统的互动过程,研究人类高强度活动和全球环境快速变化对这个过程的驱动作用,进行灾害恢复和适应性管理,制定可持续发展政策,具有重要的理论和现实意义。在查阅大量文献的基础上,论述了国际、国内山地农业生态经济系统的研究现状、相关理论与方法,分析了当前山地农业生态经济系统脆弱性与灾害恢复力研究的重点,提出了当前山地农业生态经济系统研究的发展趋势和呈现出的新特点。     

信息时代下黑龙江省电子商务在山货市场营销中的应用

随着社会的发展,黑龙江省山货市场向规范化、产业化迈进。与此同时,市场竞争也日益激烈,在相对稳定的市场中进一步开拓市场份额是现在山货企业面临的主要问题之一。在信息时代的大市场环境中,计算机网络迅速发展,电子商务模式日趋成熟。电子商务不仅在日常生活中广泛应用,其在企业市场营销中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。黑龙江省山货企业要想在激励的市场竞争中实现突破,大力发展电子商务已成为一大新的选择。     

陕北丘陵山区城市规划与当地资源环境关系的初探

目的:本文通过对陕北延安丘陵山区城市规划对当地资源环境的影响和关系进行了现状问题归纳,旨在和同行们交流和借鉴,并对当地城市规划提出可行性建议,以便改进。方法:笔者对存在的问题进行了系统的理论分析和例证说明,对当前城市现状和以前城市规划进行对比和原因剖析及追溯。结论:得出了规划缺乏系统性、前瞻性、科学性、合理性、没有注意城市生态环境的脆弱性和敏感性,并提出了城市规划应采取的对策和建议,以便当地的城市规划能得以借鉴和改进。     

吐鲁番火焰山地质遗迹成因、资源价值和开发保护初探

吐鲁番火焰山以其独特的地貌,干热的气候,浓厚的西游文化,吸引着国内外的游客来这里参观旅游,但对火焰山形成的地质条件、资源价值研究甚少,通过本人在该区进行的工作,从地质、旅游和环境保护的角度,对吐鲁番火焰山地质遗迹的成因、资源价值和开发保护进行了总结和分析,共同探讨。     

我国亚热带花岗岩丘陵山区水土流失的治理一例

本文分析了广东省五华县新一村这一典型花岗岩丘陵山区水土流失的特点及其成因,论述了该村治理水土流失的措施与效益。指出我国亚热带花岗岩丘陵山区水土流失的治理,必须以生物措施为主,工程措施与生物措施相结合,注意治理与开发相结合,使生态、经济、社会效益同步提高。