When companies improve the sustainability of the natural environment: A study of large U.S. companies

In light of the call for companies to abandon current approaches to environmental management, this study adds to the environmental strategy literature and uses the evidence of competitive dynamics among companies to identify a mechanism by which companies invest in proactive environmental strategies and thereby improve the sustainability of the natural environment. An examination utilizing fixed effects regressions on a sample of large U.S.‐based companies reveal that even after controlling the number, environmental and financial performance of leading (environmental) companies, laggard (environmental) companies are more likely to invest in proactive environmental strategies when their leading peers display higher sustainability orientations. Neither the expectation of government regulation nor social movement pressure was found to be influential in this relationship. Therefore, the future dominance of companies' investments in the sustainability of the natural environment will be driven by companies themselves as long as competitive advantages are expected.     

多孔连续斜交框架桥顶进施工过程受力分析

城市道路下穿铁路框架桥顶进施工的关键是合理控制桥梁主体结构的受力。为了对框架桥顶进施工过程进行受力特性分析，采用Midas有限元软件模拟了框架桥在滑板上开始顶进、框架桥重心即将离开滑板、框架桥顶进即将就位三个施工阶段。结果表明，该框架桥的施工过程是安全可靠的，同时结合工程项目实际给出了顶进施工的注意事项。该方法可用来指导类似工程顶进施工过程的受力分析和施工控制。     

基于经济阈值效应的地方政府举债压力弹性研究

地区所处经济阶段差异会使地方政府行为激励产生异质性,进而影响地区举债压力弹性。从经济阈值效应的独特视角,探究不同经济门槛区间压力波动引起的地方政府举债行为变化,利用举债压力弹性解释地方政府债务规模扩张成因。基于我国283个地级市数据,构建门槛面板模型对理论假设进行经验检验。研究发现:从低到高的经济阈值区间下地方政府举债压力弹性翻倍增长,尤其是在第三经济阈值区间,举债规模扩张呈现加速度特征;财政压力对地方政府举债的刺激作用,只有在第三经济阈值区间才会得以释放;“土地财政”的存在强化了地方政府举债对压力变化的敏感度,并助推了地方政府举债压力的弹性波动。经济处于发达阶段的地方政府的举债压力敏感度,显著高于处于欠发达阶段的地方政府,因此,高水平的城市举债压力弹性及其潜在的债务风险应成为下一步关注的焦点。     

The untold story of commodity futures in China

We investigate the behavior of commodity futures risk premia in China. In the presence of retail-dominance and barriers-to-entry, the term structure and momentum premia remain persistent, whereas hedging pressure, skewness, volatility, and liquidity premia are distorted by time-varying margins and strict position limits. Furthermore, open interest, currency, and inflation premia are sensitive to institutional settings. The observed premia cannot be attributed to common risks, sentiment, transactions costs, or data-snooping, but are related to liquidity, anchoring, and regulation-induced limits-to-arbitrage. We highlight the distinctive features of Chinese futures markets and assess the challenges posed to theories of commodity risk premia.     

矿产开发产生的负债与核算

鉴于负债的确认和核算是自然资源资产负债表编制的重点和难点,文章以国内外矿产资源资产负债的存在及其表现为线索进行分析与探讨,研究矿产资源开发产生负债运行机理和负债核算范围及内容等,揭示出矿产资源在其负外部性作用下形成负债的机理,并根据负外部性效应将矿产资源开发产生的负债划分为耗竭性负债、生态环境负债和安全负债,同时将耗竭性负债、生态环境负债和安全负债的核算范围与现有法律法规相衔接,提高负债核算的可操作性和可推广性,为自然资源资产负债表编制和维护国家所有者权益提供技术支撑。     

双轮铣槽机在深圳地铁地下连续墙施工中的应用

本文通过双轮铣在深圳地铁福邻站地下连续墙施工中的应用,阐述了其设备的施工原理、施工工艺、施工工效以及其主要的技术要点,并在此基础上初步探讨了液压双轮铣在深圳地铁施工的可行性和延续性。     

数控机床在大学生实践教学中的应用及存在的问题

随着科技和数控技术的不断发展,我们对数控人才的要求和考核标准也在不断的上升,目前的数控人才培养还存在着很多的问题。本文就目前高校在进行数控维修教学和实训中存在的主要问题做了系统的研究和分析,并着重阐述了虚拟数控机床在数控维修不同教学模块中的作用。     

Wilhelm Röpke and Richard C. Koo On Secondary Deflations and Balance Sheet Recessions

The concept of a ‘secondary deflation’ was developed in the 1930s by the German economist Wilhelm Röpke, who saw it as something different from a normal depression. While a primary deflation is a necessary reaction to the inflation from a boom period, a secondary deflation is independent and economically purposeless. Röpke argued that secondary depressions occurred in the US, Germany, France and Switzerland during the 1930s, but was vague on what made them follow primary depressions. Recently, the Taiwanese–American economist Richard C. Koo has claimed to have discovered the ‘Holy Grail of macroeconomics’, that is, what made the Great Depression so deep and long. During the Great Depression, the bursting of the asset price bubble resulted in private sectors having more debt than assets; as they shifted from maximising profits to minimising debt, the consequent debt deflation shrank the economy. According to Koo, Western economies today are suffering from a similar ‘balance sheet recession’. Strengthened by the notion of a balance sheet recession, Röpke's long‐lost insights might advance our understanding of the business cycle in general and the present crisis in the US and the Eurozone in particular.     

The joint effects of social identity and institutional pressures on audit quality: The case of the Chinese Audit Industry

This article examines how social identity links institutional pressures and audit quality. Combining institutional theory and social identity theory, we theoretically argue that the interaction between social and institutional forces shapes audit quality. Through an analysis of Chinese audit firms from 2000 to 2007, we show that isomorphic imitation has a more significant effect on firms belonging to the same-identity group than firms across cross-identity groups; foreign-affiliated audit firms are more willing to conform to normative pressure from professional networks than local firms; and foreign-affiliated firms are coerced to adapt to the local government’s expectation, particularly when they have a geographically concentrated customer base. We further reveal that a larger customer base attenuates within-identity group imitation but strengthens cross-identity group imitation. The results shed light on the role of social identity in shaping conformity in the audit industry, thus contributing to international convergence–divergence literature and institutional theory.