Post-Keynesian Economic Policies: The Case of Sweden

This paper attempts to present the basic features that would define a model of behavior suited to an institutional and post-Keynesian approach. To facilitate explanation, human behavior is divided into three phases: motivation, cognition and reasoning and decision-making. Motivation appears as a process directed toward the satisfaction of a complex structure of various needs and wants. The role of emotions and the social and cognitive aspects of motivation are recognized. Moreover, it is also recognized that human beings have limited cognitive and rational capacities, and it is accepted that they are potentially creative. Partly as a consequence of that, cognition becomes a social act and knowledge of reality is subject to fundamental uncertainty. Finally, human rationality (or intelligence) is associated with a search for good solutions, and it includes elements of procedural rationality, creativity and emotional rationality. The role of habits and institutions in all these phases is stressed.     

大学生职业决策自我效能感调查研究

目的,了解大学生职业决策自我效能感的现状,为大学生的职业生涯发展与指导提供依据。方法,随机选取商丘师范学院500名大学生进行职业决策自我效能问卷调查,采用SPSS软件包进行分析数据。结果,通过数据分析,得出如下结果:大学生职业决策自我效能不高,在性别、年级、专业方面不存在显著差异,不同成绩水平和人际环境的大学生职业决策自我效能有显著差异。     

Risk assessment and risk decision-making process related to hazardous installation in France

The chemical process industry gathers critical infrastructures since chemical plants represent for the society both an instrument to generate activity and benefits (production of goods, employment, services …), and an instrument that can harm people and the environment. This paper describes the risk assessment approach need in France for licensing hazardous installations, in particular those covered by the Seveso II Directive and the implication for land-use planning. The first part explains why the French risk assessment procedure is based on the quantitative evaluation of major accident scenarios with explicit criteria, and only on qualitative analysis of the risk reducing measures without explicit criteria. The second part shows some on-going evolutions in the risk assessment process in particular for the analysis of the safety barriers. In the third part, the authors share some thoughts on the risk decision-making process.     

国有企业执行外部董事制度的几点思考

国有企业外部董事制度设立的目的是为了避免董事会与经理层的重合,实现决策权与执行权的分离和相互制衡。引入外部董事制度对完善国企董事会职能起到积极的作用,但该制度的广泛推行还需要逐步解决实践中的突出问题,并从制度本身及内外经济环境进一步的完善和提高。     

全球化战略决策中高管团队的国际化角色：国外市场进入模式

海外扩张的模式是决策制定者协商的结果,高管团队（TMT）在此类型的决策过程中起到了重要的作用。通过整合市场准入模式理论与高层梯队理论,并结合组织国际化相关的因素后发现,TMT跨国经验和TMT国籍多样性在组织国际化战略决策中充当着不同的,甚至是相反的角色。在分析了100多个公司近7年的数据后,得出TMT跨国经验与全面控制型市场进入模式正相关、TMT国籍多样性与合作控制式市场进入模式正相关两个重要结果。因此,跨国经验能够通过出国实践获得,但这种经验在某种程度上受到自身国籍影响。人力资源管理实践旨在通过外派出国来获得国际经验的方式,还要认识到拥有这种经历的人不能替代高管团队中所有的外国国籍的人。     

企业决策中约束因素的深度分析

面向未来的决策存在诸多不确定性，决策方案的实施会受到来自各方面的因素的制约，这些影响未来决策方案实施的各种因素被称为约束因素。如何科学预见和把握未来环境中的各种约束因素，是决策中的关键性问题。文章通过对约束因素的范围、特性及影响程度的分析，旨在增加决策的科学性和预见性，有针对性地采取对策，以减少决策失误。     

基于过度自信的企业财务决策模型构建及其启示

基于对企业管理层过度自信的界定及其测度,构建过度自信与企业分红政策之间的关系模型,该模型分析了信息对称和信息不对称两种迥异条件下过度自信对企业分红政策、企业现金流及企业外部融资等财务决策的影响机理。我们的研究旨在为企业财务决策实践提供理论依据和现实启示。     

Sequential Decision-making in Interdependent Sectors with Multiobjective Inoperability Decision Trees: Application to Biofuel Subsidy Analysis

Decision-making involving large-scale systems often involves considerations for temporal changes, interdependencies in organizational structures, multiple competing objectives, and risk and uncertainty, among others. In this paper we develop a risk-based methodology, the Multiobjective Inoperability Decision Tree (MOIDT). It integrates several dimensions of decision-making processes associated with interconnected systems in terms of: (i) evaluation of sequential policies; (ii) analysis of interdependencies; (iii) treatment of multiple objectives and their tradeoffs; and (iv) characterization of uncertainties. To demonstrate the integration of these four components, we present a case study to analyze the impact of government policies towards mass-scale biofuel production. Using a multi-period decision framework, the analysis utilizes economic input–output data to model the probabilistic demand adjustments for sectors that will likely be affected by biofuel policies.     

Agreement and disagreement in family vacation decision-making

In the last 20 years changes have taken place which have altered the decision-making process in families—family democracy is clearly in the ascendant. The family has evolved into what business research calls a decision-making unit. This general trend probably also has consequences for holiday decisions. The focus of this research is on (dis)agreement within couples concerning 15 vacation sub-decisions. In this Dutch longitudinal study, data were collected for couples over a period of nearly a year. Our main conclusion is that holiday choice has evolved over the last 30 years into being very much a joint decision, in which family members discuss, seek information for the discussion and use influencing strategies. The dominant disagreement-resolution strategy is the golden mean strategy. This is a strategy of give-and-take-and-reach-a-compromise. Compared with other choices, the holiday choice is also more of a joint affair. Finally, intrafamily (dis)agreement has consequences for satisfaction with the choice process, the amount of discussion and information searching. Implications of the increased family democracy for marketing and advertising are described.     

基于社会表象理论的香港赌片对赴澳门旅游决策影响研究

以澳门为案例地,以20世纪八九十年代在华人地区广为流传的香港赌片为对象,基于社会表象理论研究香港赌片对赴澳门旅游决策所产生的影响。通过对312份调查问卷和12名赴澳游客的访谈分析发现：第一,香港赌片通过反复的表象过程在观众心中形成了鲜明的影视表象,这其中不乏负面符号;第二,在这个过程中,影视表象中积极的符号标记会引起观众对旅游目的地的积极的共感和移情,从而对旅游决策产生积极影响,而消极符号标记则会引起观众对旅游目的地的消极共感和移情,并进一步对旅游决策产生消极影响;第三,由于缺乏与澳门的主动关联和映射,香港赌片在表象过程中对观众赴澳旅游决策地形象的影响十分有限。另外,研究还表明,旅游个体的差异在整个影响过程中的作用不容忽视。