The evaluation of demand responsive transport services in Europe

Over the last decade Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) services have grown in popularity for several reasons including: the shortcomings of conventional regular bus and taxi services; shortcomings of special transport services; and new developments in community transport. Traditional dial-a-ride services have often been criticised because of their relatively high cost of provision, their lack of flexibility in route planning and their inability to manage high demand. The potential for overcoming these limitations may be realised through the introduction of telematics-based DRT and this has been widely demonstrated, for example, in recent research funded by the European Commission (e.g. the DGXIII-funded SAMPO and SAMPLUS projects). This paper provides an introduction to the concept of telematics-based DRT services and presents the results of the evaluation of a set of DRT technologies and operations at urban and rural sites across Europe. The paper offers discussion in terms of the key issues that influence the introduction of DRT services.     

西安铁路枢纽客运系统扩能方案研究

西安铁路枢纽将有8个方向、7条铁路线引入,既有西安站已不能满足客流增长的需要。分析西安枢纽内影响客运能力的各项因素,结合西安枢纽的改扩建及西安城市规划,提出新建第二客运站——西安北站和辅助客运站——纺织城站,并对原西安站进行扩建的方案,形成西安枢纽客运系统二主一辅的格局。     

基于模糊层次综合法的多式联运虚拟企业风险评价

通过虚拟企业的经营方式将多式联运企业整合起来，可以提高我国多式联运产业的规模化、标准化，实现企业自身功能资源与空间的超越，提高运输效率与效益。在多式联运虚拟企业的组建与运营管理过程中，存在各种风险。文章将系统分析多式联运虚拟企业所面临的风险，并利用模糊层次综合法对多式联运虚拟企业的风险进行评价，以提高多式联运企业风险评价的准确性与科学性。     

基于ABC和BP神经网络的铁路货运成本预测研究

运用作业成本法,结合BP神经网络理论建立铁路货运成本预测模型。通过案例分析,得出BP神经网络可以更准确的预测铁路货运成本费用的结论。     

三圃制与中古英国的运输革命

从12世纪开始，三圃制在英国的推广普及使得燕麦有了稳定的产量，加上套马技术的进步，从而为马在经济尤其是交通运输中发挥作用解决了饲料问题和技术问题。到13世纪中叶马已取代牛成为运输的主要畜力，14世纪马车已成为陆路运输的主要工具。中世纪英国的运输革命加速了经济的发展、促进了城乡之间的交流、加深了商品经济的复杂性、密切了农民与市场的联系。     

Winners, Losers, and the Nuclear-Waste Dilemma

This paper explores how property-right assignment affects social efficiency when a public program has both “public good” and “public bad” components. We show that when willingness to accept a public bad exceeds the willingness to pay, the net benefit is unambiguously lower when the property right supports the status quo institutional structure. Thus, Kaldor–Hicks efficiency tests tend to favor public programs and mitigation over the status quo even when mitigation negatively affects another group. To illustrate the result, we develop social-cost estimates for moving nuclear waste from current temporary-storage facilities to a permanent central repository at Yucca Mountain, NV, USA. For a representative city with a population of 226,195, the present value of the external cost of shipping waste is $1.42 billion when those living near temporary nuclear-waste storage facilities are assigned the property right to “health and safety.” That number swells to $5.95 billion when those living near the transport route are assigned the property right. Thus, property-right assignment affects the efficient level of nuclear-waste, and thus nuclear energy, produced.     

蓝色经济区交通运输体系建设对策

蓝色经济区是依托海洋资源,以临港、涉海、海洋产业为特色,以科学开发海洋资源与保护生态环境为导向,实现经济、文化、社会、生态协调发展,具有较强综合竞争力的经济功能区、复合功能区。目前我国蓝色经济区基础建设还处在起步阶段,要加强其海陆基础设施的统筹建设,统一规划建设港口、铁路、公路、航空内外通达的海陆空立体综合交通体系,形成多种交通运输方式联运网络。     

系统视角下城市一体化交通节点项目投融资机制优化研究——以南京为例

BOT投融资模式改变了城市重大基础施建设仅靠政府出资的单一形式,调动了社会资本参与城市重大基础设施建设的积极性,加快了城市发展进程。但由BOT融资模式自身决定的项目使用收费机制,使得交通节点BOT项目,成为制约城市经济社会一体化发展的"软"瓶颈。本文以南京市为例,基于系统论视角,关注城市一体化进程中交通节点BOT项目的外部效应,打破条块分割,将项目与正外部性受益主体作为一个整体系统,提出城市一体化交通节点项目投融资机制优化的新思路,通过外部效应内部化,改变BOT项目通过收费回本获利的传统机制,实现城市发展总体效益的最大化。     

论跨边界次区域物流运输一体化的构建

以世界经济一体化为背景,通过分析我国沿边省区边境贸易中物流成本结构,并对比分析一体化前后的物流总成本,提出跨边界次区域物流运输一体化的构建思路：首先,确定物流运输枢纽城市;其次,规划建设区域边境口岸体系;第三,规划建设区域边贸运输通道。并以新疆—哈萨克斯坦物流运输一体化构建为例进行实证。最终形成＂核心枢纽—枢纽—边境口岸＂共同构成的物流运输网络,降低边境贸易中的物流运输成本及总成本,促进中国传统边境贸易向现代商贸、现代物流的发展升级,并带动和辐射边疆各省区经济全面、快速发展,尽快缩小与沿海地区的差距,且有利于中国的国家安全、边疆稳定、民族团结。     

基于总成本最小的多式联运运输方式选择

运输总成本是多式联运企业选择运输方式最优先考虑的因素,而总成本最小是目前大多数多式联运企业追求的目标。通过运筹学中的网络图理论构建多式联运运输网络图,基于总成本最小建立模型,将求解最短路径的Dijkstra算法用来求解模型,在求解实例问题过程中印证了整个模型的可行性。