天保工程区域可持续发展评价研究——以双丰林业局为例

根据区域可持续发展和工程评价理论,采用层次分析和综合评价相结合的评价方法,通过对天保工程要素维、空间维和时间维等三个维度的分析,从目标层、状态层、能力层、指标层构建其评价指标体系。计算双丰林业局天保工程可持续发展能力的综合指数,进而对逐年的可持续发展能力展开评价。     

The Bioeconomics of Cooperation

When transactions and information are costly and exchange is non-simultaneous, ‘institutions matter’. They matter because exchange under these circumstances subjects the participants to potentially harmful behaviors by other participants, among which are: opportunistic behavior, agency, the free-rider problem, cheating, moral hazard, and adverse selection. Institutions constrain these behaviors, allowing the participants to take advantage of the gains from trade and specialization, and thereby facilitating cooperation. Individuals adhere to institutional rules because they gain by doing so. Because the individual gains are inseparable from the structure of the institutions, the institutions themselves necessarily become the focus of the analysis—as we see in the new institutional economics (NIE). The new group selection position in biology involves a similar shift in focus from the level of the individual to the group when studying the evolution of altruism. But some of the proponents of group selection go further, arguing that altruism in biology evolves because it is in the interest of the group, but not the individual. In fact, group level analysis is necessary in biology, as in the NIE, because it allows for the discovery of ‘institutions’ that constrain cheating, opportunistic behavior, etc., thereby making participation in the group in the long-run self-interest of the individual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

略论新疆资源开发和生态环境保护问题

本文针对新疆自然生态系统和自然资源的特点及开发利用中存在的问题，提出了合理开发利用的途径。     

论市场经济条件下自然资源和生态环境的价值及其实现问题

本文对市场经济条件下自然资源和生态环境价值的很多基本问题进行了论述，诸如其价值的质的规定和量的规定、价值的表现方式、价值的实现及其补偿问题等。     

中国西部地区人口、环境、资源与经济可持续发展对策

如何协调中国西部人口、资源、环境与经济发展的关系,缓解资源总供给与总需求的矛盾,以促进西部社会经济的可持续发展,已成为西部建立和谐社会的关键。文章根据西部人口与生态环境现实状况以及人口、环境、资源与经济协调发展的重要性,提出了西部地区人口、生态、资源与经济协调发展的主要对策。     

Assessing recreation carrying capacity of the environment attributes based on visitors’ willingness to pay

Recreation carrying capacity (RCC) is one of the most important indictors used in measuring the usage limits for the forest park resources. However, the consensus has not been reached with respect to the RCC’s content and its measuring metrics. In this paper, we attempt to establish a new RCC theoretical framework based on the demand theory of the tourism product characteristics. In the process, the choice experiment and orthogonal design methods are used in questionnaire designs and the conditional Logit model is used for parameter estimates. More than 700 park visitors are surveyed for data collection at the Shenyang National Forest park of Liaoning province in China. The primary park attributes being considered encompass vegetation, coverage, water quality, number of rubbish on the park trail path, admission fees, and congestion. The carrying capacity threshold for each specific attribute is identified.     

基于多情景的景区自然灾害风险评价方法研究——以九寨沟树正寨为例

文章采用参与式地理信息系统(PGIS)技术,模拟景区未来典型自然灾害风险情景,建立典型致灾因子强度与灾害风险情景对应关系;对旅游资源、旅游设施进行分类,分析游客居民景区内时空分布特征,建立致灾因子强度与景区承载体的脆弱性对应关系;最后通过拟合风险曲线,建立景区综合灾损模型并预测出多情景年均损失。综合景区利益相关方可接受风险,基于灾损和防灾成本进行风险决策。案例研究以九寨沟树正景群为例,模拟九寨沟在分别遭遇20、50、100、200、500、1000年一遇6种暴雨情景下引发泥石流的流速、流量和冲击力,建立6种情景泥石流与树正景群脆弱性关系;预测6种情景潜在损失和人员伤亡;结合可接受风险,提出九寨沟树正寨未来自然灾害防灾降险措施。     

自然资源价值理论与理性利用

自然资源有无价值直接影响到经济发展方式和对自然资源开发利用的态度。从哲学角度出发,结合劳动价值论和效用价值论的相关理论,可以认为,自然资源的价值在于其满足人们的需要,自然资源价值量的大小取决于其稀缺性、开发条件和重置成本。如何对自然资源合理利用,关键是对其价值计算和比较。     

中国自然垄断产业放松规制改革战略选择

放松规制是中国自然垄断产业改革的重要趋势,放松规制改革战略选择是否恰当直接决定了放松规制改革的成败。中国自然垄断产业放松规制改革应当选择渐进式战略。理想的垄断产业改革路径应是竞争模式和运营模式改革,然后是产权模式和治理模式改革,最后是价格模式和规制模式改革。     

价格上限规制何以优于回报率规制

近几十年来,价格上限规制因其能带来更有效率的定价结构以及厂商在此种规制下压缩成本的强烈动机,使其在很大程度上替代了回报率规制。然而,在微观经济学教科书中,却较少探讨价格上限规制这一内容。在此,文章进行了简单探讨,以表明这种规制何以优于传统的回报率规制,以填补教材在此方面的缺失。