Socially optimal replacement of conventional with electric vehicles for the US household fleet

In this study, a framework is proposed for minimizing the societal cost of replacing gas-powered household passenger cars with battery electric ones (BEVs). The societal cost consists of operational costs of heterogeneous driving patterns' cars, government investments for charging deployment, and monetized environmental externalities. The optimization framework determines the timeframe needed for conventional vehicles to be replaced with BEVs. It also determines the BEVs driving range during the planning timeframe, as well as the density of public chargers deployed on a linear transportation network over time. We leverage data sets that represent US household driving patterns, as well as the automobile and the energy markets, to apply the model. Results indicate that it takes 8 years for 80% of our conventional vehicle sample to be replaced with electric vehicles, under the base case scenario. The socially optimal all-electric driving range is 204 miles, with chargers placed every 172 miles on a linear corridor. All public chargers should be deployed at the beginning of the planning horizon to achieve greater savings over the years. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the timeframe for the socially optimal conversion of 80% of the sample varies from 6 to 12 years. The optimal decision variables are sensitive to battery pack and vehicle body cost, gasoline cost, the discount rate, and conventional vehicles' fuel economy. Faster conventional vehicle replacement is achieved when the gasoline cost increases, electricity cost decreases, and battery packs become cheaper over the years.     

东周时期管子的经济思想

东周时期一向被认为是我国古代历史文明的光辉时代。由于当时社会大变革， 在政治思想领域出现了许多学派， 各自著书立说， 互相进行激烈争辨， 历史上称为百家争鸣。许多政治家的经济思想是很卓越的， 对后世影响很大。本文重点评述管子的经济思想     

Senior Travelers and Airport Shopping: Deepening Repurchase Decision-making Theory

Despite the importance of the seniors market, little is known about international senior tourists' post-purchasing behaviors in the airport-shopping industry. The aims of this study were to attain a better comprehension of these customers' repurchase decision formation by employing a Theory of Repurchase Decision-making (TRD) and identify differences in the proposed theoretical framework between senior and non-senior travelers. A field survey was conducted to collect data at international airports. Results of a structural model showed that the TRD has an excellent ability to predict seniors' repurchase intentions; some variables in the model were found to have a significant mediating impact. Additionally, satisfaction was determined to play a prominent role in these decisions. Finally, findings from the test for metric invariance revealed that the proposed theoretical framework significantly differed across senior and non-senior tourist groups, verifying the moderating impact of age. Implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

省际亲贫式支出对国民幸福 水平影响的差异化研究

本文以公共财政学、新经济地理学、空间计量经济学为理论基础，引入地理空间因素，分析了2000-2010年亲贫式支出对国民幸福水平的省际影响。研究发现：空间溢出效应明显存在；本地区每增加1%亲贫式支出会带动国民幸福指数提升范围大致在02%~1%之间，邻近地区国民幸福指数提高1%会带动本地区国民幸福指数提升07%左右；空间计量模型估计效果优于最小二乘估计效果，空间滞后模型优于空间误差模型。新经济地理学理论能够提供我国各省市亲贫式支出与国民幸福指数集聚、差异及其形成原因的部分解释。     

语言交际图式对目标管理的启示

著名逻辑学家周礼全先生曾概括陈述了语言交际图式的基本思想,表达了人们在交际过程中意图传递的基本图式。借鉴这个基本图式,可以构建目标管理中目标传达与执行的逻辑图式,这个图式为目标管理中各种保障目标实现的策略提供了基本的逻辑学依据,并为管理策略创新与组织目标的成功实施提供了基本思维图式。     

FDI对我国中部地区技术进步影响的实证研究

梳理了中部地区吸收利用FDI的现状和特征,计算出了中部的TFP(全要素生产率),并以此作为技术进步的衡量指标,构建VAR模型对FDI和TFP的相关性进行实证分析.结果表明,短期内FDI对中部地区的技术进步有一定的促进作用,但长期来看促进作用并不十分显著.中部地区在吸收利用FDI过程中要引导技术引进,加强自主创新；创造公平环境,扶持本土企业；鼓励中外合资,强化技术合作.     

Is participation in agri-environmental programs affected by liquidity and solvency?

Financial constraints, both in the short and long run, have an impact on economic well-being of farm families. Additionally, financial constraints have an impact on production efficiency and technology adoption. This study investigates factors affecting farmers’ participation in the agri-environmental programs like Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Environmental Quality Incentives Programs (EQIPs) in the U.S. particular attention is given to the roles of liquidity and solvency on participation in CRP and EQIP. Results show that both liquidity and solvency have a negative impact on participation in such programs. Additionally, we found that access to the Internet plays an important role in the farmer's decision to participate in CRP and EQIP. Our results also suggested that beginning farmers are more likely to participate in EQIP program.     

The animal spirits hypothesis and the Benhabib–Farmer condition for indeterminacy

This paper provides a self-contained review of the introduction of the animal spirits hypothesis into the infinite horizon optimal‐growth model. The analysis begins with an economic discussion of Pontryagin's maximum principles. Thereafter, I develop a version of the increasing-returns Benhabib–Farmer model by showing the possible sub-optimality of the central planner solution and deriving the bifurcation condition for indeterminacy. Moreover, I give some insights on how to model intrinsic and extrinsic uncertainty. Finally, analyzing the equilibrium condition of the labor market, I provide an intuitive rationale for the mechanism that in this model might lead prophecies to be self-fulfilling.     

关注社会责任标准(体系) 提升企业竞争力

"中国制造"的增加,SA 8000,ISO 26000等社会责任标准(体系)越来越受到关注,这些都直接或间接的对中国企业尤其是劳动密集型企业带来影响。本文正是基于这样的背景下,介绍了社会责任的概念,并阐述了企业关注社会责任标准的现实意义     

Identifying the global transmission of the 2007–2009 financial crisis in a GVAR model

The paper analyses and compares the role that the tightening in liquidity conditions and the collapse in risk appetite played for the global transmission of the financial crisis. Dealing with identification and the large dimensionality of the empirical exercise with a Global VAR approach, the findings highlight the diversity of the transmission process. While liquidity shocks have had a more severe impact on advanced economies, it was mainly the decline in risk appetite that affected emerging market economies. The tightening of financial conditions was a key transmission channel for advanced economies, whereas for emerging markets it was mainly the real side of the economy that suffered. Moreover, there are some striking differences also within types of economies, with Europe being more adversely affected by the fall in risk appetite than other advanced economies.