浅谈强化企业内部财务管理与控制的措施

本文从五方面论述了强化强化企业内部财务管理与控制的具体措施，加强资金管理，提高企业的经济效益，促进企业的发展。     

压路机碾压荷载在施工期对路基拼接变形影响的数值分析

以合肥铁路枢纽改造工程为研究对象,路基拼接中应用的不同压路机碾压荷载为研究目标,通过FLAC软件就不同路基高度下应用不同压路机荷载对既有线列车安全运营和路基稳定性的影响进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明,同一路基高度,不同压路机荷载作用下,坡脚A点和新、老路基搭接处B点的垂直变形增量随压路机荷载的增大而增大;相同压路机荷载下随着路基高度的增加,老路基面、坡脚点以及新老路基搭接处的垂直方向变形与路基高度不成线性关系,采用6 m高度的路基更为合理,有利于线路列车运行的安全性和路基整体的稳定性。     

数控加工工艺与编程课程教学体系建构

数控加工工艺与编程是应用型本科院校机械设计制造及其自动化专业的重要基础课程。而从企业对数控加工工艺与编程人才的需求能力上看,他们应具有良好的数学基础;一定的产品制造基础知识;具备数控机床的操作、日常维护等6种能力。为此,将数控加工工艺与编程能力分解成对应的支撑课程群,建构理论教学体系和实践教学体系两方面。通过教学改革收到了较好的效果,学生学习效果好,工程能力得到明显加强。     

Forecasting technology diffusion: a new generalisation of the logistic model

The present research proposes a new generalisation of the logistic model aiming at technology diffusion forecasting. Regarding criticisms and failures reported in the literature to apply logistic function for long-term forecasting, in our work we focused on short-term accuracy of forecast. To formulate the model, based on mathematical approximation, at first the differential equation governing the diffusion process is found and then by solving the derived differential equation, the forecast function is obtained. In all steps, mathematical tools from numerical analysis are used. We compared the New Generalized Logistic Model with eight of the most renowned models in the literature. The model led to more accurate fits and forecasts than those obtained from other models we applied for comparison.     

“省直管县”弱化了资源的城市偏向性配置吗?———财政转移支付视角简

中国长期存在的“城乡二元分治”制度导致资源配置呈现明显的城市偏向特征,加剧了城乡不平等,也不利于社会和谐。基于财政转移支付的视角,文章研究发现,“省直管县”改革通过以下两个机制扭转了资源的城市偏向性配置：第一,“省直管县”改革提高了县乡经济发展激励,增加了县乡公共服务支出责任并提高了县级地区资金匹配能力,有利于县乡在既有分配规则下获取更多的财政转移支付。第二,“省直管县”改善了基层政府的财政地位,减少了上级政府的资金截留;同时使县辖区公共需求向上的传递渠道更加顺畅,从外部环境上为其获得更多的财政转移支付创造了条件。此外,多维度的检验也为深入了解财政转移支付分配规则的缺陷以及如何增进财政转移支付分配的公平性提供了经验证据。     

压水堆下腔室水力特性数值研究

为了分析压水堆下腔室的工水力特性,以流体计算软件FLUENT为工具,以秦山二期压水堆电站作为研究对象,对其下腔室进行了数值模拟。在下腔室计算过程中,建立了相关的几何模型,并且对几何模型进行网格划分;湍流模型主要采用了标准k-ε模型进行模拟计算。结果表明,下腔室出口速度分布满足从中心至边缘依次递减的的规律;下腔室所受最大压力主要出现在两块支撑块及其附近壁面处。所获得的研究成果可为核电厂的设计、优化和运行管理提供指导。     

EMPIRICAL PERFORMANCE OF GARCH MODELS WITH HEAVY‐TAILED INNOVATIONS

We introduce a new type of heavy‐tailed distribution, the normal reciprocal inverse Gaussian distribution (NRIG), to the GARCH and Glosten‐Jagannathan‐Runkle (1993) GARCH models, and compare its empirical performance with two other popular types of heavy‐tailed distribution, the Student's t distribution and the normal inverse Gaussian distribution (NIG), using a variety of asset return series. Our results illustrate that there is no overwhelmingly dominant distribution in fitting the data under the GARCH framework, although the NRIG distribution performs slightly better than the other two types of distribution. For market indexes series, it is important to introduce both GJR‐terms and the NRIG distribution to improve the models’ performance, but it is ambiguous for individual stock prices series. Our results also show the GJR‐GARCH NRIG model has practical advantages in quantitative risk management. Finally, the convergence of numerical solutions in maximum‐likelihood estimation of GARCH and GJR‐GARCH models with the three types of heavy‐tailed distribution is investigated.     

销售电价政策性调整模型及其分析

销售电价改革呼声日涨,销售电价由市场决定是改革的最终目标,考虑到我国实际情况及电力行业作为国民经济的基础,实现销售电价由政府管制状态向市场化的平稳过渡是改革成功的关键。本文从电价制定者的角度出发,考虑基础产业价格的敏感性与社会福利最大化,设计出基于非线性规划理论和最优控制理论的销售电价静、动态调整模型,使用Kuhn—Tucker定理和Hamilton方法求解模型并给出仿真算例。结果表明：本文设计的静、动态调整模型均能实现电价有效平稳过渡,而基于最优控制的动态调整策略更能有效利用电力资源和充分增加社会整体福利。     

LIQUIDATION IN LIMIT ORDER BOOKS WITH CONTROLLED INTENSITY

We consider a framework for solving optimal liquidation problems in limit order books. In particular, order arrivals are modeled as a point process whose intensity depends on the liquidation price. We set up a stochastic control problem in which the goal is to maximize the expected revenue from liquidating the entire position held. We solve this optimal liquidation problem for power‐law and exponential‐decay order book models explicitly and discuss several extensions. We also consider the continuous selling (or fluid) limit when the trading units are ever smaller and the intensity is ever larger. This limit provides an analytical approximation to the value function and the optimal solution. Using techniques from viscosity solutions we show that the discrete state problem and its optimal solution converge to the corresponding quantities in the continuous selling limit uniformly on compacts.     

数控车床加工实训中的故障分析

本文通过分析学生在数控车床实训时易产生的故障和操作失误,阐述了故障发生的原因、避免或排除的对策,以切实提高学生的数控加工能力。