WTO内知识产权贸易争端发展动态与启示

TRIPS实施后,知识产权贸易摩擦可诉诸到WTO争端解决机制中,为知识产权贸易摩擦研究提供技术支持。WTO内知识产权争端格局分析表明,知识产权争端数目发展稳定,是国际贸易摩擦的潜在因素;发达成员间专利、地理标志、版权及邻接权争端是主要内容;发展中成员与发达成员间药品专利争端尖锐,并兴起版权执法争端;争端诉因丰富化,重点转向执法程序;争端解决以协商为主,更符合发达国家利益。厘清WTO内知识产权贸易争端的特点,有助于理性认识和解决中外知识产权贸易摩擦。     

基于市场契约城市社区物业纠纷的经济学解释及其预防机制构建

城市社区物业纠纷严重影响社会和谐与稳定。物业公司与业主之间市场交换活动,实质是一种市场契约的缔结、达成过程,二者是基于经济利益的市场契约关系。城市社区物业纠纷的经济学解释是,物业公司与业主市场契约缔结、达成过程中,双方实际市场地位不对等,物业公司强势垄断,业主缺乏投票选择权,政府隐形价格规制与物业公司形成利益同盟,业主集体维权遭遇"搭便车"。构建城市社区物业纠纷预防机制,从源头上防范物业纠纷发生,必须通过立法赋予业主更多权利,健全物业公司退出机制,建立业主集体维权激励机制,完善市场契约治理机制有效运行的制度基础,才能实现城市社区和谐、稳定。     

浅谈固定总价合同

从固定总价合同的定义、特点及局限性、纠纷以及风险防范的建议几个方面阐述、分析了招投标过程中固定总价合同的应用,使业主能较好的管理工程,承包人能较好的获得经济效益。     

城郊闲置土地复耕后二次补偿纷争成因与规制——以芜湖市为例

在我国城市化进程快速推进的过程中,城郊出现了大量长期闲置的土地,一些地块由农民自发进行了复耕。当再次开发利用这些闲置土地时,不断发生关于二次补偿的纷争,时常会引发群体性事件,造成恶劣的社会影响,使之成为当前城市发展中亟待解决的问题之一。分析这种现象的原因,主要是对闲置土地的认定和处置不力,以及对闲置土地处置过程中形成的增值收益分配不公。因此,必须通过加强用地管理,避免土地大规模闲置;完善相关法律规定,促进农民分享土地增值收益,从而对二次补偿纷争进行合理规避和妥善化解。     

关于技术风险不可抗力的思考

本文介绍了技术风险不可抗力包括的三个要件,及其比较容易引起的争议,并为防止技术许可方滥用不可抗力提供了一些参考性的意见。     

Credibility of institutions: Forestry, social conflict and titling in China

In the reform of a forestry sector governed by centralist, socialist principles towards a sector suited to the challenges of the market economy, the Chinese government needs to establish institutions that can be perceived as credible by social actors. In other words, the creation of institutions that rally sufficient social and political support in order to be effective. Against this backdrop, this article consciously opts to refer to institutional “credibility” instead of the more fashionable concept of institutional “trust”. Whereas scholarly discussions about trust focus more on the relation of trust between social actors, credibility puts more emphasis on the institution itself, and the role of government in its successful creation or failure. Failure to effectively undertake institutional reform might put the social acceptability or credibility of institutions at risk, and can lead to the emergence of “empty institutions” with little, or even, a negative effect on social and political actors. Applying this concept to China's forestry sector, this article identifies three critical areas that call for careful rethinking how to “get institutions right”: the titling of forest holdings; the restructuring of the forest administration; and the design of forest laws and policies with particular reference to lease and ownership.     

知识产权行政执法偏好与企业创新激励——基于转型期“大调解”机制政策效果的分析

面对技术创新速度加快以及企业知识产权纠纷的增加,我们必须思考转型期"大调解"机制的政策效果。基于知识产权行政执法偏好对企业创新激励这一独特视角,本文考察了知识产权行政执法中处理和调解这两种不同的纠纷解决方式对企业创新激励的不同影响。研究发现地区知识产权侵权纠纷调解方式的倾向有利于增强企业创新激励,同时这一影响因企业控制权性质和企业生命周期两方面的异质性而有所差异。本文不仅从企业创新激励的角度为知识产权纠纷行政执法偏好的选择提供了新的解释,同时也从法和经济学角度深化了知识产权保护对企业创新激励方面的研究,对于我国知识产权纠纷解决的法律实践具有启示意义。     

承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配纠纷研究 ——基于湖南省1 091个案例的矛盾梳理与司法回应

研究目的：审视承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配纠纷案件,分析矛盾焦点和司法回应的内在逻辑关系,为指导征地纠纷的解决提供依据。研究方法：扎根理论和判决书统计分析。研究结果：（1）湖南省承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配形成了以“人”和以“地”为核心的两种分配方式,不同分配方式下的矛盾焦点存在差异,司法回应重点也不同。（2）以“人”为核心分配方式下的矛盾十分突出,聚焦于成员资格认定和独生子女要求多分;法院司法判定大致形成了户籍、事实,以及户籍+事实的三种认定标准。（3）以“地”为核心的分配方式下,矛盾则围绕土地承包经营权属、面积,青苗和地上附着物权属、补偿标准等内容;司法判定是以土地确权登记的权属证书等正式书面材料为依据,同时参考其他证明材料或现实情况。研究结论：应确立“户籍+事实”的成员资格认定标准,完善土地承包经营权登记,以减少承包地集体内部征地补偿费的矛盾纠纷。     

SURVEY OF ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MARITIME AND TERRITORIAL DISPUTES

Drawing on studies on the economics of conflict, this paper reviews the literature on maritime and territorial disputes; and it examines an array of economic implications associated with territorial and maritime disputes. These include adverse effects on certain economic and development outcomes arising from possible armed confrontation, with some of these possibly lingering in the aftermath of conflict. There are also various economic disruptions and costs associated with these disputes, emphasizing how they also affect the livelihoods of resource users in the disputed areas. A clearer understanding of these economic links could help inform and motivate policymakers on mitigating the risks of conflict. Based on the review of evidence herein, the economic implications of conflict in terms of foregone average trade among the country pairs considered in the West Philippine Sea/South China Sea (in 1985 dollars) – which differ in important ways but hint at some common channels of impact – could range from US$ 909.3 million to US$ 98.8 billion. More broadly, the impacts on a disrupted global production chain can easily amplify these results even further, affecting global growth prospects for many decades, according to experience.