关于国有林场林权纠纷问题的分析与对策

在全面启动集体林权改革和国有林场改革的大背景下,有关国有林场的林权纠纷问题成为了改革的主要焦点和难点。通过分析,指出了国有林场林权纠纷的主要特征和主要成因,提出了解决和预防国有林场林权纠纷的对策和建议。     

Crisis or continuity?: Framing land disputes and local conflict resolution in Burundi

This article is about the importance of framing in conflict situations, and how this informs peacebuilding interventions. It discusses the consequences of understanding land disputes in Burundi as a short-term problem, resulting from the massive return of refugees and displaced to their former homes. This framing of land disputes urged international and local organizations to initiate programmes for strengthening the capacities of local conflict resolving institutions. The case material shows that, though the return of refugees was a factor in disputes about land, there was a lot of continuity between conflict-related and regular land disputes. Many disputes required first and foremost solutions at the national, political level, rather than at the local level. Further, the predisposition towards local institutions failed to take account of the weaknesses of those institutions. The article further points out some of the practices that played a role in this framing of conflict and the intervention strategies based on it.     

Credibility of institutions: Forestry, social conflict and titling in China

In the reform of a forestry sector governed by centralist, socialist principles towards a sector suited to the challenges of the market economy, the Chinese government needs to establish institutions that can be perceived as credible by social actors. In other words, the creation of institutions that rally sufficient social and political support in order to be effective. Against this backdrop, this article consciously opts to refer to institutional “credibility” instead of the more fashionable concept of institutional “trust”. Whereas scholarly discussions about trust focus more on the relation of trust between social actors, credibility puts more emphasis on the institution itself, and the role of government in its successful creation or failure. Failure to effectively undertake institutional reform might put the social acceptability or credibility of institutions at risk, and can lead to the emergence of “empty institutions” with little, or even, a negative effect on social and political actors. Applying this concept to China's forestry sector, this article identifies three critical areas that call for careful rethinking how to “get institutions right”: the titling of forest holdings; the restructuring of the forest administration; and the design of forest laws and policies with particular reference to lease and ownership.     

承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配纠纷研究 ——基于湖南省1 091个案例的矛盾梳理与司法回应

研究目的：审视承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配纠纷案件,分析矛盾焦点和司法回应的内在逻辑关系,为指导征地纠纷的解决提供依据。研究方法：扎根理论和判决书统计分析。研究结果：（1）湖南省承包地集体内部征地补偿费分配形成了以“人”和以“地”为核心的两种分配方式,不同分配方式下的矛盾焦点存在差异,司法回应重点也不同。（2）以“人”为核心分配方式下的矛盾十分突出,聚焦于成员资格认定和独生子女要求多分;法院司法判定大致形成了户籍、事实,以及户籍+事实的三种认定标准。（3）以“地”为核心的分配方式下,矛盾则围绕土地承包经营权属、面积,青苗和地上附着物权属、补偿标准等内容;司法判定是以土地确权登记的权属证书等正式书面材料为依据,同时参考其他证明材料或现实情况。研究结论：应确立“户籍+事实”的成员资格认定标准,完善土地承包经营权登记,以减少承包地集体内部征地补偿费的矛盾纠纷。     

我国海洋争端原因以及维权战略

文章认为,我国是陆海兼具的国家,不少海域存在海洋争端。究其原因有海洋利益成为全球争夺焦点、国际力量的变化、中国对海洋权益的重视以及美国重返亚太等。海洋争端影响和平与稳定、侵害我国海洋安全和海洋经济的建设。为维护我国的海洋权益,我们必须提高海洋意识、加强海军建设、加强海洋安全合作、加快建设海洋强国。     

涉外非婚同居经济纠纷法律适用中的若干疑难问题

在涉外非婚同居经济纠纷的解决中,存在非婚同居关系本身的定性、非婚同居当事人财产契约的效力以及非婚同居关系存续期间连接点的变迁对法律选择的影响等若干疑难问题。这些问题一方面对涉外非婚同居经济纠纷的法律选择具有重大决定意义,另一方面,这些问题本身的准据法选择非常复杂和极具争议。因此,深入研究非婚同居关系本身的法律适用、非婚同居当事人财产契约效力的法律适用和非婚同居关系存续期间连接点变迁后的法律适用等问题颇具现实意义。     

多边贸易摩擦演进模式的经济学文献述评

争端解决机制是世界贸易组织的中心支柱和在实际运行中最活跃的部分。本文从多边贸易摩擦演进模式这一新视角切入,就当前经济学领域有关多边贸易摩擦的提起模式、推进模式和解决模式的文献进行了述评。这对处在国际经济摩擦高发期、多边贸易摩擦频率不断提高的我国而言,无疑具有重要的现实意义和参考价值。     

非诉讼农村纠纷解决机制研究

我国农村正处于纠纷频发的多元化时代。以协商、调解、仲裁为主体的非诉讼纠纷解决方式不仅符合农村社会的现实,还能弥补诉讼功能上的不足。为应对多元化的农村社会矛盾和纠纷,必须加强非诉讼解决方式的规范化建设,赋予其权威,建立起有效的衔接机制。     

和谐消费视角下消费纠纷解决机制的重构

和谐消费已成为构建和谐社会体系中不可缺少的重要组成部分。我国目前解决消费纠纷的和解、调解、申诉、仲裁和诉讼五种途径由于制度设计的缺陷,未能在实践中充分发挥其保护消费者权益的重要作用。为了进一步促进和谐消费及发展,提出了重构我国消费纠纷解决机制的建议。     

农村纠纷解决的司法效能分析

在传统乡土社会向现代商业社会转型中,农村纠纷形态和解纷方式已发生了相应变化,司法正逐步成为解决农村纠纷的主要权威。但由于农民当事人的诉讼能力不足、法院的司法能力欠缺、以及社会化解风险的能力有限,司法在农村纠纷解决中的效率还不尽如人意。为此,需要改善当事人、法院、社会三方面的诉讼能力,提高司法效率。