Contraste de la ley de Gibrat en la banca comercial brasileña

In recent years Brazil has been one of the countries with major changes in the banking sector. The deregulation process that has taken place since 2002 has brought an increased presence of foreign banks and higher competition, among other aspects. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze Gibrat's law on Brazilian commercial banks over the period 2002-2013 with the aim of providing evidence for the construction of a banking growth model which guide the country's financial policy. To that end, we employ a methodology based on quartile regressions as a contribution to previous literature. Our overall results reveal the existence of a non-lineal relationship between growth and banks size with an inverted U-shape. These findings allow us to affirm that the relative dispersion of banks size, as well as the sector's concentration, will be reduce in the future years.     

Climate Variability in the Origin Countries as a “Push” Factor on Tourist Arrivals in the Philippines

The objective of this paper is to test the impact of climate variability in origin countries as a “push factor” on tourist arrivals, specifically in the Philippines, and to select a suitable proxy to measure climate variability. This paper uses the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) constructed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Climate variability is strongly linked to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and this link is used by meteorologists to forecast changes in weather globally. SOI is a widely used indicator of the ENSO and its best known extremes are the El Niño (warm phase) and La Niña (cold phase) effects. The study proves to some extent that there is a significant increase in US tourist arrivals in the Philippines when La Niña-like weather conditions prevail in the USA. More importantly, the SOI proved to be a good measure of climate variability.     

Financial and economic performance of major Brazilian credit cooperatives

The credit union's main functions are the provision of individual financial loans based on collective savings, reaching up to provide full banking services, with expansion of its social function. Cooperatives are an alternative to supply a credit demand in the market, because a third of the municipalities have no bank branches. Although the participation of cooperatives in credit operations is still small compared to the Brazilian national banking system, its continued growth demonstrates the importance of this sector. In this sense, the analysis of the performance of these cooperatives becomes relevant to the extent that incentives to industry expansion differ from other financial institutions. In this context, this study aimed to analyze which the financial and economic performance of Brazil's largest credit unions. This performance analysis was performed using the indicators proposed by the CAMEL model, then the data envelopment analysis (DEA). It can be seen that there is a positive relationship between the use of variables in the model and the measurement of financial performance of credit unions. Moreover, according to the results, it can be observed that Uniprime Northern Paraná, Sicoob Cocred and Sicredi North RS/SC were cooperatives that stood out as efficient.     

城乡统筹发展的微观解理:企业与农户和谐共生

作为城乡和谐共生的一个微观体现 ,基于供应链管理的企业与农户共生不仅有利于实现整个供应链竞争力的提升 ,实现企业与农户共赢 ,而且对于实现城乡协调发展、 构建和谐社会具有重要而深远的意义。涉农供应链中共生关系的发展遵循一条循环往复、 螺旋上升的路径 ,涉农企业与农户共生关系的维系和强化是涉农供应链构建、 发展的关键。因此 ,应营造有利于共生关系发展的良好共生环境。     

谈海洋生态产业园区的建设与发展——基于“张裕·卡斯特酒庄模式”的研究

近年来,作为一种新的产业组织形式,生态产业园区得到了广泛的关注,随着国家层面的生态产业园区建设项目不断增多,对于生态产业园区的研究成为热点。基于对张裕.卡斯特酒庄运营模式和海洋产业系统的研究,针对海洋经济的生态产业园区提出基于四大生态子系统的建设模式,以利于海洋生态产业园区的建设与发展。     

分光光度法测定铁矿石中的二氧化硅和五氧化二磷

试样经碳酸钠、硼酸和四硼酸钠混合助溶剂碱熔,硝酸酸化定容后,以铋磷钼黄分光光度法测定五氧化二磷;在草酸存在下,以硫酸亚铁铵为还原剂,硅钼蓝法测定二氧化硅,本方法操作简单、快速,具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

The multi-organizational interaction approach to industrial marketing

A conceptual approach is presented for investigating interaction processes in industrial marketing.The interaction process is interpreted as a multi-organizational phenomenon which is characterized by indegenous episode variables and contextual factors. Empirical results using this interaction approach are discussed, and the importance of analyzing the influence of relative organizational attributes (relative to each organization involved in the interaction process) on the results of an industrial marketing transaction is stressed.     

风险投资契约关系的理论研究

在风险投资过程中存在两重委托—代理关系,即投资者与风险投资家之间的委托—代理关系、风险投资家与企业家之间的委托—代理关系。因此,对风险投资契约关系的理论研究基本上是围绕以下三个层面展开的,即:投资者与风险投资家契约关系、风险投资家与风险企业契约关系、三方互动的契约关系。     

Linear Parks and the Political Ecologies of Permeability: Environmental displacement in São Paulo,Brazil

This article considers the politics of resettlement within ongoing efforts to construct the Tietê River Valley Park (Parque Várzeas do Tietê), a linear park that upon completion will be the largest linear park in the world. Located in the eastern periphery of São Paulo, Brazil, the proposed project uses riverbank naturalization to dampen floodpeaks and bring green space to underserved populations. Due to the presence of low‐income neighborhoods on the river's edge, however, the project calls for the removal of roughly 40,000 people. Drawing from urban political ecology and contemporary concerns about environmentally induced displacement, I consider the conflicts over resettlement that mark the project. I analyze the project itself and situate it within a regional context defined by autoconstruction, regularized flooding, and insecure tenure. I argue that despite claims that the project will yield less risky lives for displaced residents, the form through which the project is being developed actually puts displaced residents in heightened situations of risk. I consider how communities have organized to resist displacement, and call for an approach to governance in peripheral landscapes that takes seriously the histories of collective infrastructural provisioning and autoconstructed housing that have marked them for decades.