对我国石油企业质量、安全管理模式的思考

随着我国加入WTO和市场经济体制的逐步完善、石油石化的上市与重组，我国油田企业的经营环境发生了很大变化如何在国内国际市场竞争中获胜，对我国油田企业的质量、安全、环境管理水平提出了更高的要求。主要探讨了我国石油企业质量安全管理问题．为我国石油企业选择质量安全管理模式提供理论依据。     

建立质量保障体系 加强重点工序质量控制延长油井检泵周期

针对油井检泵周期短、生产时率低的问题,从管杆泵等设备、油层物性和原油物性、技术配套、作业施工和采油管理等5个方面进行了详细的剖析和查找原因,在此基础上建立了5个方面的延长油井检泵周期的质量保证体系,在实施过程中加大了体系的控制和考核力度,取得显著效果。与2006年相比,减少断脱45井次,油井平均延长检泵周期63d,全年减少栓泵183井次,提高生产时率增产原油1293t,获效益1689万元。     

我国能源电力类上市公司股权结构与公司绩效的实证研究

以我国能源电力类上市公司为样本,对其股权结构与公司绩效的关系提出假设并做了分析。实证结果与文章提出的3个假设相吻合：能源电力类上市公司股权结构中,第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效显著正相关;股权制衡度与公司绩效显著正相关;高管持股与公司绩效正相关,但不显著。结论还表明：公司规模、托宾Q值、投资支出等都与公司绩效显著正相关;资产负债率与公司绩效显著负相关。这些结论可为我国能源电力类上市公司改善股权结构、提高公司绩效提供一些思路。     

质量流量计在原油集输系统中的应用

对油田企业分区块计量问题的现状进行了分析,指出了目前存在计量误差的主要原因,针对费希尔Ex8300质量流量计在使用中存在的缺陷,重新引进了新型CMF纯油质量流量计,报告了在多个原油集输站的试验情况,通过试验比对,找出了产生系统误差的根本原因,提出了在分队、分区块计量中质量流量计的应用是可行的,并告戒仪表管理人员对质量流量计的输入参数的动态变化要进行适时调整,以保证仪表的计量准确。     

微生物除油技术在高浊度油田黑水冲击下的应用实践

分析了FX油田污水处理中存在的问题,开展污水生化处理技术研究,分离纯化除油菌剂并在现场开展生化系统小试、现场工业应用。现场使用中成功经受住数次浊度大于2000NTU的污水冲击,生化系统投产后处理效果稳定,系统出水含油小于0.7mg/L,颗粒数下降90%,COD小于80mg/L,低于国家二级排放标准;同时也达到区块注水配注要求,日注水量大于110m3,注水压力下降2MPa。     

评价石油装备安全可靠性的一种新方法

为了能较全面、准确、高效地评价石油装备的安全可靠性，开展石油装备的运行可靠性研究和状态监测、故障诊断的研究工作，并将这两项研究工作有机地结合起来是十分必要的。方法的要点是：利用设备运行和大修的历史记录，研究设备的运行可靠性；选择合适的监测与诊断参数，建立数据库进行积累，了解故障的发生、发展趋势，进行定性和定量分析，用可靠性理论和方法研究故障发展的规律，探讨故障产生的原因，故障发展的速率，进而预测设备工作寿命。最后结合钻井泵研究的实际，探讨了此项方法的可行性。     

Study on Problems of Group of Companies Listing as a Whole and Corporate Governance

Listing as a whole refers to reorganize all the enterprises＇ businesses, establish a stock corporation and increase capitals to list by issuing social public shares. TCL Group and Wuhan Iron and Steel （Group） Corporation have set a good example for other groups of enterprises that have parts of their assets listed, and will guide groups of enterprises which are affiliated to the center authority of China to list their assets. Listing as a whole, is beneficial to make clear the complex share-holding relationships between the group and its affiliates. It will also be beneficial to improve the whole structure of corporate governance, decrease the correlation trade, reduce the information disclosure cost, and solve the problem of the correlation trade between the group and its affiliates. However, it is far beyond the standard of what standardized corporate governance requires. Standardized corporate governance at least possesses two factors： One is the equality of the rights of shareholders, namely the same share with the same rights; the other is the clear rights boundary of the stakeholder and the existence of the efficient mechanism of equilibrium of rights. These two factors do not have the necessary relations to whether the group list as a whole or not, but depend on the maturity of the market and the soundness of the law and regulation.     

中小板上市公司债务融资效率研究

基于江苏省20家中小板上市公司的面板数据,采用聚类和数据包络分析相结合的方法,对这些公司进行债务融资效率分析。研究表明,中小板企业在融入资产的配置效率方面更为关注自身盈利状况和成长前景,而没有充分认识到节约融资成本的重要性,从而导致企业债务融资效率偏低。对此,我国中小板企业应充分发挥债务融资的杠杆作用,优化资本结构,通过强强联合和以强带弱的途径分散经营风险,在扩大规模效益的基础上持续增强企业盈利能力。     

Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards by Greek non-listed companies: The role of coercive and hegemonic pressures

In this paper, we examine the motivations for preparers in Greek non-listed companies to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Previous literature has focused on listed companies and assessed the effect of IFRS on market efficiency to justify its adoption. Using data from a cross-sectional survey and from interviews with senior managers, our analysis indicates that the motivations to adopt IFRS in Greece are not primarily related to the technical competence of the standards. We draw insights from literature on institutional theory and hegemony based on the Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Gramsci, and show that the decision to comply with IFRS can also be motivated by coercive and hegemonic pressures, which are exerted by powerful institutional constituents as they interact with organisations’ strategic interests at the international and national level. The adoption of IFRS is driven predominantly by the pressures exerted by parent companies on their subsidiaries and by the legal requirements of the state, but also through borrowing and debt-contracting requirements as enforced by civil society actors, such as financial institutions. This mobilisation of power plays a pivotal role in supporting the establishment of IFRS among non-listed companies.     

Effects of hiring former employees of multinationals in the absorptive capacity of local firms

The attraction of foreign direct investment seeks, among other things, to increase the productivity of local companies through knowledge spillovers. However, the empirical evidence in this regard is contradictory. One influential factor is the absorptive capacity of the local companies. This article analyzes the effect of the presence of former employees of multinational corporations as employees of local companies, on the absorptive capacity of said companies. The study was done in Costa Rica, a country known for its successful strategy in the subject matter. The data come from a survey applied to 1167 companies by the Observatorio Costarricense de las Pymes in 2011. It was found that the hiring of former employees of multinational corporations by local companies has a positive effect on the index of absorptive capacity of companies in all productive sectors. Specifically, this hiring of former employees increases the index of absorptive capacity by nine percentage points, with differences by sector and the size of the company.