产权性质、独立董事机制与投资效率——来自中国A股非金融类上市公司的经验证据

选取我国沪深两市2006—2010年非金融类上市公司为研究样本,从独立董事职能的角度,结合产权性质,考察了独立董事机制对投资效率的影响。经验证据表明:独立董事比例的提高整体上可明显改善投资效率;相比国有上市公司,提高民营上市公司的独立董事比例能够更显著地改善投资效率;提高独立董事薪酬水平对改善投资效率的作用并不显著;将投资非效率区分为投资不足和投资过度两种情形后,以上结论依然成立。     

How Owners Matter? An Examination of Ownership Type in Corporate Disaster Relief Giving

Little research has investigated the effect of ownership identity (or type) and corporate philanthropy experience on giving. In this research, relying on legitimacy theory, we first assess the effect of ownership identity on corporate philanthropy (CP) in the context of the 2008 earthquake in China. Then we explore moderation effects of firms' prior CP experience and size as proxies for perceived legitimacy on owners' efforts at increasing giving and legitimacy. We find that state and CEO ownership are deterrents, while non‐SOE and institutional ownership enhances giving probability and amount. In addition, there is evidence that firm size and prior CP weaken the effects of institutional ownership on CP. This study provides a complete assessment of owner behaviour. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Defining Ownership: An empirical assessment of the ownership measures

Ownership is considered to be one of the crucial governance mechanisms; however, there have been no systematic attempts at validating the construct and measures used to operationalize ownership. We review the current understanding of ownership and the measures used by each perspective, namely blockholder/dispersed shareholder perspective, owner identity perspective, and aggregated ownership perspective. We thereafter critique each of these perspectives, offer hypotheses regarding their validity, and empirically assess each ownership measure vis‐à‐vis firm performance outcomes. We utilize a sample of 3,990 US firms to test our hypotheses and find no consistent results for the blockholder measure, or for the owner identity measure. However, the aggregated ownership measure consistently accounts for significant increases in explanation of variance in firm performance. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Does corporate diversification create value in emerging markets? New evidence from Chile

Using a sample of 85 Chilean firms listed in the Santiago Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2013, we analyze the impact of corporate diversification on firm value. We consider voting rights of the main shareholder and institutional investors’ influence on firm value. We report firm‐value destruction for diversified firms. Regarding ownership concentration, we report a negative relation between the largest shareholder ownership and firm value. Separation between voting rights and cash flows rights of this shareholder is negatively related to firm value. While Pension Fund Administrators (AFP) mitigate firm value destruction in diversified firms, other institutional investors do not play an active role in controlling value destruction. Finally, if the largest owner is a family, we report firm‐value creation in diversified firms. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大股东治理的负面效应及其防范

现代公司的所有权结构越来越趋于集中 ,大股东治理成为现代公司制企业的重要特征。如果对大股东的不当行为不加防范 ,那么大股东治理对公司治理的负面效应就会产生。大股东治理的负面效应可通过两条途径防范 ,一是法律制度防范 ,二是管理控制防范     

跨国公司在华增资扩股的实现机制——一个基才知识获取与谈判力量变迁的分析模型

越来越多的合资或合作企业在华经营数年后，通过增资扩股，转变为母公司控股型合资企业甚至是独资企业。针对跨国公司在华增资扩股的实现机制问题。文章在理论研究的基础上，提出了一个基于知识获取与谈判力量变迁的分析模型，并进一步探讨了影响外方合伙人知识获取以致谈判力量变迁的主要因素。     

State ownership and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies

While the relationship between state ownership and firm performance has been widely researched, the empirical evidence has provided mixed results. This study applies panel data regression techniques to 10,639 firm-year observations of non-financial Chinese listed firms during 2003–2010 to examine the relationship between state ownership and firm performance. The results show that state ownership has a U-shaped relationship with firm performance. The Split Share Structure Reform in 2005–2006 played a positive role in enhancing the relationship between state ownership and firm profitability ratios. Although state ownership decreased significantly after 2006, it remains high in strategically important industry sectors such as the oil, natural gas and mining sector and the publishing, broadcasting and media sector. The findings reveal that a higher level of state ownership is superior to a dispersed ownership structure due to the benefits of government support and political connections. The Split Share Structure Reform made previously non-tradable shares legally tradable, improving corporate governance and reducing the negative effect of non-tradable state shares.     

我国税制结构、税负水平与经济增长的关系研究——基于全国30个省级单位面板数据的PVAR分析

通过使用PVAR模型和脉冲—响应函数对1994~2008年间我国省级税制结构、税负水平与经济增长的动态关系进行了研究,结果表明,目前我国的经济增长显著地促进了税制结构和税负水平的提高,但税制结构和税收水平的提高没有显著阻碍经济的增长。所以,增加直接税的比重和整体税负水平,不但可以调节贫富差距,促进社会和谐,还可以增加政府支出水平和提高消费率进而促进经济增长。     

Shareholder Protection,Ownership, and Dividends: Russian Evidence

This article investigates the relation between corporate governance mechanisms and dividend policy in Russian firms. Using a sample of Russian listed firms over the period 1998–2003, we estimate models for dividend pay probability and payout size. We find that there has been a significant increase in dividend payout levels which coincide with improvements in legal shareholder protection. State controlled firms are more frequent dividend payers as compared to other majority owned firms. We also find that dual share firms, in which corporate charters protect minority interests, have a higher dividend pay probability; while firms reporting according to US GAAP, which may be less likely to manipulate earnings, have a lower dividend payout.     

NO‐ARBITRAGE PRICING UNDER SYSTEMIC RISK: ACCOUNTING FOR CROSS‐OWNERSHIP

We generalize Merton’s asset valuation approach to systems of multiple financial firms where cross‐ownership of equities and liabilities is present. The liabilities, which may include debts and derivatives, can be of differing seniority. We derive equations for the prices of equities and recovery claims under no‐arbitrage. An existence result and a uniqueness result are proven. Examples and an algorithm for the simultaneous calculation of all no‐arbitrage prices are provided. A result on capital structure irrelevance for groups of firms regarding externally held claims is discussed, as well as financial leverage and systemic risk caused by cross‐ownership.