Do Japanese Work Shorter Hours than before? Measuring trends in market work and leisure using 1976–2006 Japanese time-use survey

Using Japanese time-use data from the Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (STULA), this paper measures trends in average hours worked (market work) and leisure for Japanese over the past three decades. OECD reports at least a 15% decline in market work for Japan since the 1970s. However, holding demographic changes constant, we found that market work per week increased from the 1970s until mid-1980s, and has been relatively stable for the last two decades for both male and female full-time workers. Furthermore, although the market work per week remained relatively constant since the mid-1980s, we found a significant change in the allocation of time to market work within the week during the period. Specifically, when dividing samples into weekdays (Monday–Friday) and weekends (Saturday and Sunday), average hours spent for market work per weekday among full-time males increased by 0.4 h since the mid-1980s, whereas a significant decline in market work on Saturday was observed. This suggests that people shifted their work time from Saturday to weekdays in response to the reduced work week introduced by the amendment of the Labor Standards Act at the end of 1980s. In the meantime, commuting time and home production had decreased by 3 h since the mid-1980s for full-time female workers, indicating that the average hours of leisure had increased for females even though market work remained the same. Interestingly, however, hours for sleep declined consistently over the last three decades, resulting in a 3–4 h reduction per week for both male and female workers. Lastly, a comparison of Japanese and US time-use data suggests that Japanese work much longer than their American counterparts. On average, Japanese males work 10 h longer per week, and Japanese females 7 h longer, than Americans, even after adjusting for demographic differences between the countries.     

深化改革分配体制的必定路向——新中国按劳分配制度体系建构发展的追溯与前瞻

新中国按劳分配制度作为一个以企业按劳分配为主体不断完善发展的制度体系,基于新中国基本经济制度的建构发展,决定于马克思人和经济社会发展"否定的否定"规律。追溯其历史过程,可以概括为四个历史阶段、三次重大变革、两次历史性飞跃和三种历史形态。"保障社会公平正义"作为按劳分配制度体系完善原则的第二次战略性调整,标志着公平高效型按劳分配制度体系建构历史新阶段的到来。     

对做好高校民主党派思想政治工作的思考

高校做好民主党派思想政治工作对促进学校改革发展,构建和谐校园具有重要意义。新时期高校民主党派成员在年龄结构、精神状态、价值观念和行为方式等方面均发生新的变化,因此,要重视和加强民主党派负责人、干部队伍及其代表人士的思想政治建设,同时要加强对民主党派新成员的思想政治教育。     

浅析科研在高职院校办学中的作用——以无锡商业职业技术学院为例

高职院校办学是否需要科研,科研的内涵是什么,怎样开展科研工作,无锡商业职业技术学院从转变观念,准确把握教科研工作的作用;改革创新,深化教科研工作;建章立制,实行"精细化"管理;围绕人才培养、服务教育教学开展教科研工作;校政合作人才共育、服务社会双丰收;扎实有效推进教科研工作等六个方面开展了探索与实践,给出了答案。     

Cross‐cultural differences on work‐to‐family conflict and role satisfaction: A Taiwanese‐British comparison

The aim of this research was to explore relations between work and family demands and resources, work‐to‐family conflict (WFC), and work and family outcomes in a cross‐cultural comparative context involving Taiwanese and British employees. Two‐hundred and sixty‐four Taiwanese employees and 137 British employees were surveyed using structured questionnaires. For both Taiwanese and British employees, work and family demands were positively related to WFC, whereas work resources were negatively related to WFC. Furthermore, WFC was negatively related to family satisfaction. More importantly, we found that nation moderated relationships between work resources and WFC, WFC and work, and family satisfaction. Specifically, work resources had a stronger protective effect for Taiwanese than British in reducing WFC, whereas WFC had a stronger detrimental effect on role satisfaction for British than Taiwanese. It is recommended that both culture‐general and culture‐specific effects should be taken into consideration in designing future WFC research and familyfriendly managerial practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

我国检验检疫标准化工作对出口企业作用贡献率的分析研究

文章根据模糊综合评判原理,建立了检验检疫标准化工作对出口企业运行绩效作用贡献率计算模型。根据计算结果,检验检疫标准化工作对我国整体企业出口增长率作用的贡献率为5．97％,对企业经济效益作用的贡献率为6．40％,对企业核心竞争力作用的贡献率为7．93％;对不同性质企业运行绩效作用贡献率的研究显示,对出口增长率、经济效益和核心竞争力作用贡献率最高的分别是国有企业、外商独资企业和中外合资企业;对不同专业领域企业运行绩效作用贡献率的研究显示,对出口增长率、经济效益和核心竞争力作用贡献率最高的分别是其他类企业（如卫生、化妆品、鉴定、认证认可、管理服务等领域企业）、机电领域企业和化矿金领域企业。     

工作家庭冲突和上司支持对蓝领工人工作满意度影响的研究

工作家庭冲突是一个包含工作干扰家庭(WIF)和家庭干扰工作(FIW)两个方向的构念。本研究以来自国内制造业某公司的166名一线蓝领员工为研究对象,考察了工作家庭冲突和上司支持对工作满意度的直接效应,以及上司支持对工作家庭冲突和工作满意度关系的调节效应。结果表明,WIF和FIW都与工作满意度显著负相关,而上司支持不仅是员工工作满意度的重要影响因素,而且还能缓冲WIF对员工满意度的负面影响。     

关于热工仪表校验工作质量管理的分析

热工仪表是现代生产企业中动力供应的重要组成部分,其仪表的准确性在很大程度上决定了生产的安全与稳定。作为热工仪表准确性的基础保障,热工仪表的校验质量对生产安全有着重要的影响。文中就热工仪表校验工作质量管理进行了简要分析。     

OA系统的测评与改进

随着高校校园网络的快速发展,高校办公自动化建设逐步展开,许多高校都依照各自的需求及具备的软、硬件条件建立了自己的OA系统。本文主要介绍了我校OA系统的现状及改进,旨在提高办公效率,合理利用网络资源。     

电控发动机故障诊断与排除方法初探

针对带分电器电控发动机不能起动的故障,介绍一种故障诊断与排除的方法,可以快速有效分析电控发动机的故障,有目的地去检测更换相关元件,减少诊断时间,极大地提高工作效率。