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苏雪林小说《棘心》的个性特征和时代共同性

皖籍女作家苏雪林的小说《棘心》,体现了作者传统思想和新观念的平衡、唯美思想和浪漫理想的结合,并以缜密的手法进行了心理分析.同时小说也具有该时代文学创作的共同性特征：自叙传的手法、结构松散的形式以及主人公青春苦闷的主题.     

Local factors in innovation experiences of local initiatives for the promotion of innovation in the Federal Republic of Germany *

Due to the growing lack of success of the traditional instruments and strategies of local economic promotion since the beginning of the eighties the local authorities in the Federal Republic of Germany have been starting new initiatives to give stimuli to local business and to promote structural change. This new era began with the foundation of the first public sponsored venture capital fund in Berlin in 1982, the opening of the first German innovation and technology center in 1983 (in Berlin too) and the start-up of new forms of cooperation between public and private sectors in some cities of the FRG. Against the background of the experiences of a number of West-German cities the following article describes the local factors of innovation which initiate a self-generating economic process at local level or which are barriers to the formaltion of new innovative firms.     

Integration of Multiple Sales Channels with Web-Based Technology–A Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry

ABSTRACT

Channel-centric selling approach is considered a competitive advantage when web-based technologies, such as the Internet, call centers, and database marketing, have emerged. A basic starting point is building corporate Internet Presence Sites (IPSs). The study attempts to answer the fundamental question of how effective IPSs are in reaching target customers and how they are integrated in multi-channel strategies for customer contact. In order to attain homogeneity in sampling, only the pharmaceutical industry was selected. The research entailed both content analysis of IPSs and a focus group study of physicians and pharmacists, conventionally the major target customers for pharmaceutical companies. Results showed that large companies incorporate significantly more attributes related to public relations, building of user group and communities, and services to business partners; but the interviewees did not report any usage of the IPSs. To increase return on companies' hefty investment, the researchers suggested a framework for companies to integrate web-based strategies with multiple sales channel design.     

个人汽车消费信贷风险与防范

近年来,汽车消费得到了快速的发展,汽车消费信贷在成为金融机构新的利润增长点的同时,伴随而来的风险也日益凸现。本文围绕个人汽车消费信贷风险形成的外部环境进行分析,并提出相应的对策建议。     

完全积累和缴费确定型农民工社会养老保险制度新视野

在城镇化进程中，农民工处于向城镇居民转型的特殊阶层。这种特殊性和我国城镇社会养老保险制度门槛过高的现实，决定了建立农民工社会养老保险制度必须加大制度的创新力度，对制度安排有一个准确的定位，建立适合农民工特点的完全积累和缴费确定型的个人账户运行模式的社会养老保险制度。     

决策执行者个人成本对决策执行有效性影响的分析——由一次企业调查引发的管理思考

企业决策是管理活动的重要内容之一,如何保证决策的有效执行是企业管理者的责任。考虑到决策执行者个人执行成本。是个人选择执行决策行为方式的关键影响因素之一,本文分析了决策执行者个人执行成本对于决策执行行为方式选择的影响。本文认为,树立决策执行者个人执行成本的概念并设计有效的制度安排以降低和隔离这一成本,将会保证企业决策有效执行。     

“动产”概念是如何被界定的

什么可以被称为物权法上的物,什么可以被称为物权法上的视为物,其回答将直接影响到对动产概念的界定。物这一概念应以对象的客观性为基础,视为物这一概念应以对象的主观性为特征。基于此,对动产概念的界定可以从两方面来把握:一是减法原则,即动产是物这一概念所及外延减去不动产后所剩余者;二是拟制原则,即动产还包括物权法上可以被视为物的那些对象。     

灵活就业人员失业保险制度出台难原因剖析及对策建议

就业和社会保障两者之间的关系是相互促进、相互影响的。随着灵活就业人员规模的不断扩大,完善灵活就业人员社会保障已成为维护灵活就业人员自身权益和扩大社会就业的迫切需要。但在目前灵活就业养老保险和医疗保险制度已相继出台并完善的背景下,灵活就业人员的失业保险制度仍难以实施。其根本原因在于失业保险相对于养老保险和医疗保险而言有其自身特点,主要体现在:灵活就业人员失业与否界定难;失业保险金的享受概率与养老保险和医疗保险不同且无个人账户影响了参保意愿。因此,应针对失业保险制度自身特点制定灵活就业人员失业保险制度。     

An examination of recreational divers' underwater behaviour by attitude–behaviour theories

The increasing demand for dive tourism activities has resulted in concerns over scuba divers' incremental impacts on the underwater marine environment. Hence, there is a need to better understand the antecedents of scuba divers' underwater behaviour. This study applied theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and norm activation theory (NAT) of altruistic behaviour in examining the relationship between diving attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and personal norms (PNs) with responsible underwater behaviour among scuba divers. Using the combination of purposeful and convenience samplings, data were collected from divers (N?=?413) who visited the top five most attractive islands in Malaysia. The results supported the use of TPB as a basis for explaining the underwater behaviour of divers. Among the four constructs examined, attitude and PNs were found to be of paramount importance in influencing pro-environmental behaviour. This study also validated the exploratory dimensions that constitute the measurement constructs for scuba diving attitude and responsible underwater behaviour. Scuba diving stakeholders should emphasise continuous education and an integrated programme of marine conservation to enhance divers' attitude and personal commitment towards pro-environmental behaviour. These are crucial for the sustainability of the scuba diving industry.