The influence of risk preferences,knowledge, land consolidation,and landscape diversification on pesticide use

Researchers have spent substantial effort to identify factors influencing pesticide use intensity. However, few studies have compared the relative importance of these factors. This study examines four categories of factors that potentially influence farmers’ pesticide use decisions by evaluating incentivized experiment data, farm survey data, and remote sensing data in China. Our results suggest that land diversification has the largest effect on farmers’ pesticide use. Compared with the most rice-intensive landscape type, less rice-intensive systems cause farmers to spray less on middle rice. Heavy pesticide use intensity is associated with land fragmentation as small-scale farms still dominate crop production. Farmers’ integrated pest management knowledge has significant effects on pesticide use. We also find that loss and ambiguity preferences, rather than risk preferences, are more likely to affect pesticide use intensity.     

废旧机电产品再循环模式研究

能否有效处理日益增加的废旧机电产品对我国经济的可持续发展有着重要的影响。文章从产品的角度提出基于循环经济的“3个循环”的概念，并在分析现有废旧机电产品循环模式的基础上提出第二循环模式，同时给出了相应的产品剩余寿命评价模型。     

我国煤炭资源税从价计征的局限性研究——基于征税效果和效率的预评价

从征税效果和效率的视角,对资源税从价征收进行了预评价。评价结果表明,从价计征改革存在2大局限性,一方面无法达到"地方政府摆脱资源大省、财政小省困境"和"提高回采率、保护煤炭资源"等预期效果;另一方面,会造成征税的双重超额负担,导致征税低效率。在此基础上,建议应从整体而非局部推动煤炭资源税费改革,系统地进行煤炭资源税收体系再设计。     

Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Organic Fruit and Pesticide Ban

Abstract

Income growth in highly industrialised countries has resulted in consumer choice of foodstuffs no longer being primarily influenced by basic factors such as price and organoleptic features. From this perspective, the present study sets out to evaluate how and to what extent consumer choice is influenced by the possible negative effects on health and environment caused by the consumption of fruit containing deposits of pesticides and chemical products.

The study describes the results of a survey which explores and estimates consumer willingness to pay in two forms: a yearly contribution for the abolition of the use of pesticides on fruit, and a premium price for organically grown apples guaranteed by a certified label. The same questionnaire was administered to two samples. The first was a conventional face-to-face survey of customers of large retail outlets located around Bologna (Italy); the second was an Internet sample. The discrete choice data were analysed by means of probit and tobit models to estimate the utility consumers attribute to organically grown fruit and to a pesticide ban. The research also addresses questions of validity and representativeness as a fundamental problem in web-based surveys.     

联盟合作关系中的信任及其规制效果的理论分析

战略联盟合作伙伴之间都坚持诚信并不是一个均衡解,任何一方的不守信都将触发战略联盟的非合作行为,并导致战略联盟失败,因而强调基于信任的联盟合作关系的动机性治理并不是可靠的机制,它不能准确显示联盟成员的真实守信水平,也忽视了战略联盟的资产投入和经济利益的影响。     

基于弹性模型的市场势力研究——以锰矿石为研究对象

锰矿石是工业产业重要的基础性大宗原料矿产。对锰矿石的需求量也不断扩大,国内锰矿石的产量越来越不能满足需求。目前少数国家主导了国际市场定价权,如何把握锰矿石在国际市场上的定价权对中国具有重要意义。在RDE模型的基础上,对市场势力的测度模型做了进一步的拓展,并对中国和澳大利亚的锰矿石的贸易进行了实证分析,研究发现,剩余供给弹性和剩余需求弹性是影响市场势力的核心因素。     

论人力资本会计的困惑与出路

文章剖析了人力资本会计存在的固感,并就存在的问题提出了解决的思路。即建立人力资本成本会计与人力资本产权会计来构建完整的人力资本会计,通过人力资本会计来提供人力资本成本和当期人力资本价值的信息,为人力资本管理服务。     

QuEChERS结合液相色谱-串联质谱联用法同时测定植物源性食品中多种双酰胺类农药残留

利用QuEChERS技术结合液相色谱-串联质谱联用法建立同时测定植物源性食品中6种双酰胺类农药残留的方法。样品采用乙腈作为提取剂,在缓冲盐环境下经振荡提取,C18、PSA和GCB净化,样液过膜后经C18柱分离,在电喷雾离子源、正离子扫描模式下多反应监测方式检测,基质配标,外标法定量。6种双酰胺类农药残留在0.1~150.0μg·L^-1浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.995;加标回收率为64.3%~106.0%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~9.7%,检出限为0.1~1.0μg·kg^-1。该方法简便、准确、灵敏,是同时测定植物源性食品中6种双酰胺类农药残留的有效方法。     

完善我国公司治理和财务治理模式的思考

随着国有企业改革的深化,人们越来越认识到公司治理和财务治理模式不完善是国有企业存在的深层次矛盾,是阻碍国有企业改革的关键所在,因此必须尽快完善我国国有企业公司治理和财务治理模式,才能使其适应市场的变化和竞争的要求。     

苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃中的残留动态及安全性评价

为摸清猕猴桃中有毒有害物质的残留动态,确保出口产品质量安全符合主要贸易国官方要求,本文采用气相色谱-质谱法,测定施药后不同时期苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃果实中的残留量,并依据残留消解动态,按照欧盟和日本食品安全卫生标准,对10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的使用安全性进行评价。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃中的残留量随着时间的推移逐渐下降,动态曲线符合一级动力学方程C_t=0.5359e^(-0.184t),半衰期为3.767 d,属易消解农药;按照欧盟和日本猕猴桃农药最大残留限量要求,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂按照推荐剂量单次施药,10天后采摘食用是安全的。