R&D professionals' reactions to the career plateau: Mediating effects of supervisory behaviours and job characteristics

A career plateau is defined as that point in a person's career which represents a cessation of both lateral and upward movement between jobs. The present study elaborates the idea that a fuller understanding of individual reactions to the career plateau can be achieved by considering supervisory behaviours and job characteristics as variables transmitting the influence of career plateauing to behavioural and attitudinal reaction measures. It is suggested that supervisors invest less attention and resources in plateaued employees and that plateaued employees are assigned to jobs with less motivating potential. Analyses of questionnaire data from 618 R&D professionals in 11 large West German firms show that there are significant differences between plateaued R&D professionals (i. e. those subjects with at least 10 years of job tenure) and a nonplateaued comparison group (i. e. respondents with not more than 6 years of job tenure) controlling for age as a potential confounding influence. Specifically, plateaued R&D professionals indicate less working hours, to be less satisfied with their career and their work, to be less involved in their work, and they tend to produce less publications and patents per year of company tenure. Furthermore, considerable differences are found between one's immediate supervisor's behaviours (e. g. provision of job-related performance feedback) reported by plateaued professionals and their non-plateaued counterparts. However, even after controlling the mediating effects of supervisory behaviours and job characteristics variables plateauing still had a small, but significant detrimental effect on 3 out of 6 reaction measures. Implications are outlined for organizational career management activities.     

高原公路养护现状与发展

本文从高原公路的养护现状出发,着重的论述了高原公路养护中的病害问题和养护管理中存在的问题,并详细的分析了高原公路今后的发展方向,为高原公路的发展引出了一条新路。     

高原高寒冻土区半填半挖路基施工技术

文章主要介绍了高原高寒冻土区半填半挖路基地段施工方法及施工工艺。     

土地整治对旱塬区耕地等别和粮食产能的影响

耕地资源是粮食生产和人类活动的基础,随着经济的快速稳定发展,土地资源与人类活动之间的矛盾日益凸显。为研究土地整治项目对耕地等别和粮食产能的影响,通过在千阳县水沟镇柿沟村实施土地整治项目,对原有荒草地进行综合整治和配套设施优化,整治为可重新利用的耕地,柿沟村土地利用面积增加了34.226 1hm^2,并通过田水路林的合理规划,既保证了耕地总量的动态平衡,又优化了区域内经济结构,有效改善了区域生态环境,并将耕地等别提高了一等,创造了193.59t的粮食产能。该项目的实施对渭北旱塬区土地整治项目的实施提供了理论依据和技术参考,将有力推动该区域土地整治项目的实施步伐。     

The relationship between career plateauing,employee commitment and psychological distress: the role of organizational and supervisor support

This research examines the role played by an employee's supervisor and organization in the relationship between structural and content plateauing, affective commitment to the organization, and psychological distress. Our analyses, based on data taken from a sample of 575 hospital employees, reveal that there is a significant relationship between the two forms of plateauing and perceived supervisor support, whereas only hierarchical plateauing is related to perceived organizational support. Our results also highlight the mediating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between hierarchical plateauing, perceived supervisor support, and the consequences examined.     

The Effect of Career Plateau on Chinese Employees＇ Affective Commitment： An Indigenous Career Plateau Scale and Two-Mediator Model

The two-dimensional （hierarchical and job content） model have been predominating the extant career plateau literature. However, based on Schein＇s cone-shaped organizational mobility model, we contend that stagnation in organizational centrality （inclusive plateau） may be another dimension of career plateau. Furthermore, grounded in social exchange theory and need-satisfaction models, we aim to examine the effects of career plateau on affective commitment and underlying mechanisms. In Study 1, based on a sample of 219 employees from different professions, we developed a primary validation of our three- dimensional career plateau scale. In Study 2, we examined our hypothesized model with another dataset of 288 employees. The results suggest that job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between the job content plateau, the inclusive plateau and affective commitment. The analysis demonstrates that the specific indirect effect of job content plateauing and inclusion on affective commitment through intrinsic job satisfaction was greater than through extrinsic job satisfaction. However, the hypothesis regarding the relationship between hierarchical plateau and affective commitment was not supported, when another two dimensions of career plateau were added to the model. Our findings provide some theoretical and practical implications.     

中层管理者角色认知及其职业危机管理

随着整个社会对职业经理人的认同,企业的中层管理者越来越受到企业的重视.企业中层管理者既是领导者,又是执行者,他们是高层联系基层的一座桥梁.为减少中层管理者认知职业高原期所带来的不利影响,应从激励方式、横向职业发展等多个方面进行改变引导,以激发他们的工作热情.     

黄土高原植被建设与生态环境建设

从分析黄土高原的生态环境特征入手,阐述了植被在改善黄土高原生态环境中的作用,指出了黄土高原植被建设中存在的主要问题,并提出了恢复林草植被的几点建议。     

陕西黄土高原生态重建理论体系探讨

黄土高原治理数十年来作为区域治理的重大项目,始终是我国自然科学和社会科学工作者进行深入研究和为之奋斗的科研攻关课题。本文着重就陕西黄土高原治理的社会战略地位、理论体系、生态重建趋向性进行阐述,探讨黄土高原生态重建的理论观点。     

Crop Input Response Functions with Stochastic Plateaus

Agronomic research on crop response to nitrogen fertilizer suggests that a plateau function may be appropriate, but the plateau varies across fields and years. Available models that treat the plateau as a stochastic variable are not readily extendable to handle field or year random effects as seems to be appropriate based on the agronomic data. This article develops a method of estimating a response function with a stochastic plateau that can capture random effects. The method is then used to determine economically optimal levels of nitrogen fertilizer for wheat ( Triticum aestivum ).