农村合作运动与农业技术的植入——以民国时期江苏省为例(1927-1937)

农村合作运动是国民政府为发展农业生产、复兴农村经济、改善农民生活而实施的有关社会经济建设的行动。农村合作运动中组建的各种合作社,在改良品种、改进耕作技术、推广农业知识等方面发挥了重要的作用,扮演了引进和扩散现代农业生产要素的角色,丰富了作物的品种,提高了农业生产的效率,增加了农民收入。     

Adoption of farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques in the Guanzhong Plain,China

This article analyses adoption of farm‐based irrigation water saving techniques, based on a cross‐sectional data set of 357 farmers in the Guanzhong Plain, China. Approximately 83% of the farmers use at least one farm‐based water‐saving technique. However, the traditional, inefficient techniques border and furrow irrigation are still prevalent whereas the use of advanced, more efficient techniques is still rather rare. We develop and estimate an adoption model consisting of two stages: awareness of water scarcity and intensity of adoption. We find that awareness of water scarcity and financial status enhance adoption of more advanced techniques whereas access to better community‐based irrigation infrastructure discourages it. We furthermore find both community‐based irrigation infrastructure and farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques have mitigating effects on production risk. From the results it follows that adoption can be stimulated via financial support and via extension aimed at enhancing awareness of water scarcity.     

城市LUCC时空格局对地表温度的影响效应研究 ——以广西柳州市为例

研究目的:定量分析中国西南典型重工业城市——柳州市的土地利用、地表温度时空演化特征以及不同土地利用类型对地表温度的联合影响效应。研究方法:利用1991年Landsat 5的TM影像和2013年Landsat 8的OLI/TIRS影像数据,通过遥感技术反演提取研究区归一化植被指数(NDVI)、归一化差异建筑指数(NDBI)、改进的归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)以及地表温度(LST)等遥感参数,基于遥感指数叠加分类法获取城市土地利用/覆盖(LUCC)信息。研究结果:(1)柳州市22年间LUCC变化剧烈,受人为因素影响强烈的地物类型为建筑用地、耕地和裸地。其中,建筑用地变化幅度最大,面积增加了126.71%,新增建筑用地主要源于城市中原有的耕地类型。(2)两期地表温度数据均显示,城市建筑用地的地表温度最高,水体的地表温度最低,建筑用地升温效果显著,是造成城市热岛效应的主要原因之一。(3)影响因子相关性与多元回归分析揭示,城市中各地物类型面积比与地表温度均具有一定的相关性,但差异性较大。其中,建筑用地、裸地与地表温度呈正相关,林地、水体与地表温度呈负相关。研究结论:城市各种LUCC类型的地表温度差异较大,水体和林地在缓解城市热岛效应方面作用十分显著,两者比较,水体的降温效果要优于林地。     

金属矿山酸性废水治理技术现状与展望

对金属矿山酸性废水的来源、危害和治理技术进行了分析,对普遍采用的中和沉淀法的各种处理工艺进行了重点比较、分析,同时简单介绍了生物处理法、人工湿地法、氧化还原法、萃取电积法等矿山酸性废水治理方法,并对金属矿山酸性废水源头控制技术进行了展望。     

人民币汇率管理技术研究

新的人民币汇率形成机制对汇率管理提出了更高的技术要求。人民于汇率管理技术作为一种重要的生产力,为人民币汇率管理提供了重要的操作技巧和技术支持。创新和发展人民币汇率管理技术,有利于进一步提高人民币汇率管理效率和外汇资源配置效率。人民币汇率管理技术的变近大致经历了萌芽阶段、起步阶段、徘徊阶段和快速发展4个时期;人民币汇率管理技术的创新内容包括人民币汇率机制管理技术、弹性管理技术、风险管理技术和信息管理技术等;人民币汇率管理技术的未来发展方向应由“原始型、初级型、封闭型、粗放型、僵化型”向“现代型、市场型、开放型、集约型、创新型”转变。同时,针对人民币汇率管理技术发展中的制约因素,还要注意发展策略的选择,如培育有效的外汇专场主体．加强汇率基础设施建设,营造汇率生态环境,培养金融技术人才等。     

Job Classification for the Purpose of Making Optimal Decisions Concerning Management Control

The job classification literature has been dominated by a micro‐level orientation reflective of the needs of specialists in human resources. In contrast, we take a multidisciplinary approach involving both micro‐ and macro‐level variables to propose a relatively simple system comprised of four job classes. Our model isintended to inform management as to the type and mix of controls (e.g., centralization, formalization, and various human resources policies) that could be applied to different job types to optimally promote the overall goals of the organization. Fuzzy numbers analysis is employed to illustrate the application of the system using four jobs in a car dealership in Spain. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加强实验教学,培养学生实验技能和综合素质

为了提高学生的动手能力,启迪学生严谨科学的思维方法,培养学生的创新意识和实践能力,我们在植物生理生化实验教学中进行了努力的探索。通过加强实验教学,学生具备了更强的科学研究的实验技能,学生的综合素质也有较大的提高,教学效果得到社会、学校和学生的认同,较好地完成了实验教学的主要任务。     

干熄焦锅炉爆管的原因及预防措施

结合梅山钢铁公司能源公司1^#于熄焦锅炉的运行情况及国内于熄焦锅炉爆管的原因进行技术分析，得出爆管的主要原因，并制定预防措施，确保CDQ锅炉的安全稳定运行。     

R&D,trade in intermediate inputs,and the comparative advantage of advanced countries

This paper examines the accumulation of physical capital versus knowledge (R&D) capital as a determinant of advanced countries’ comparative advantage. I show that advanced countries are abundant in R&D resources, specialize in knowledge-intensive stages of high-technology industries, and outsource labor-intensive stages of the industries to labor-abundant countries. In contrast, global data on production and trade cannot support the conventional view that advanced countries specialize in and export capital-intensive goods. My results indicate that the accumulation of knowledge capital plays a vital role in explaining advanced countries’ comparative advantage.     

Catching up on competitors: how organizations can motivate employees to work harder

The paper is an attempt to explain why some organizations are more competitive than others in terms of their human resources. It establishes under what circumstances some employees exert extra effort beyond the level required to keep their job and to get promotion by exploring the role of motivational forces that may complement the calculative considerations as suggested by expectancy theory. In a multivariate analysis proxies for five motivational mechanisms were tested, based on need theory, positive work disposition, intrinsic motivation, behavioural commitment as implied by organizational roles and social exchange theory. It emerged that all of them make their own contribution to the explanation of extra work effort.