Revisiting the matching function

There is strong empirical evidence for Cobb–Douglas matching functions. We show in this paper that this widely found relation between matches on the one hand and unemployment and vacancies on the other hand can be the result of different underlying mechanisms. Obviously, it can be generated by assuming a Cobb–Douglas matching function. Less obvious, the same relationship results from a vacancy free-entry condition and idiosyncratic productivity shocks. A positive aggregate productivity shock leads to more vacancy posting, a shift of the idiosyncratic selection cutoff and thereby more hiring. We calibrate a model with both mechanisms to administrative German labor market data and show that idiosyncratic productivity for new contacts is an important driver of the elasticity of the job-finding rate with respect to the market tightness. Accounting for idiosyncratic productivity can explain the observed negative time trend in estimated matching efficiency and asymmetric business cycle responses to large aggregate shocks.     

The niponic management of human resources in the performance of the enterprises in the Iberian Peninsula

This article had an objective of studying the niponic management of human resources in the performance of the enterprises that work in the Iberian Peninsula. The search was to evaluate the competition in these enterprises when the niponic management of human resources was used. There were two used data base： one with an economic nature treating the performance of productivity in an enterprise economic view, of salary and technologic, and the other about the niponic management of human resources adopted by the enterprises using an list of questions. Through statistic evaluations it was verified that the competition between enterprises with niponic capital, it＇s not induced by the economic competition, and the same enterprises used competitive strategies based on the qualification of the human resources and technological process.     

R&D Spillovers for Public R&D Productivity

ABSTRACT

This paper empirically investigates whether the productivity of a public (government-funded) R&D project improves when the aggregate R&D investment in the same technology field increases. Based on the unique project level data that cover almost entire public R&D projects in Korea, this paper shows that aggregate investment in other public R&D projects in the same technology field increases a public R&D project’s outputs both independent of its project expenditure (additive spillover effects) and interactive with its project expenditure (multiplicative spillover effects). The spillover effects from the aggregate private R&D investment in the same technology field also exist, but to a much lesser extent.     

人才政策可以促进企业全要素生产率增长吗*——基于地方政府人才治理视角的研究

本文使用2001—2016年我国国家法律法规数据库中针对人才出台的地方性法规及部门规章对人才政策予以定量识别,并与上市企业数据进行匹配,实证检验了地方人才政策对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,人才政策能够显著促进企业全要素生产率增长。具体而言,人才政策出台数量平均每增加1条,能够促进企业全要素生产率增长约0005。机制检验证明,人才政策通过提高企业技术创新水平和纠正人力资本在企业间的错配两条路径促进企业全要素生产率增长。此外,企业及行业异质性研究发现,人才政策对非国有企业及高技术产业全要素生产率的影响大于国有企业及非高技术产业。以上发现对于当前地方政府人才治理体系建设具有较大意义,对如何完善政府人才政策促进中国经济高质量发展也具有一定启示。     

省域全要素生产率地区差异的动态演进

笔者在运用索洛余值法对我国各地区全要素生产率进行估算的基础上,利用非参数的核密度函数法和马尔可夫链法对全要素生产率地区差异的动态演进进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国各地区全要素生产率差异较大,从东部往西部呈现逐渐降低的梯度分布格局;各地区之间全要素生产率的绝对差距在20世纪80年代呈现缩小趋势,而从1990年以后呈现加速扩大趋势;同时,核密度函数分布呈现双峰收敛趋势,进一步表明全要素生产率两极分化现象严重;从马尔可夫链的稳态分布来看,各地区的全要素生产率将继续保持较大差异,短期内难以实现均衡发展。     

中国旅游上市公司全要素生产率动态测度——基于Malmquist指数方法

旅游上市公司是旅游业内的龙头企业,其经营效率的提升是促进旅游业进一步发展的关键,这也正是本文关注的重点。本文选择2004~2008年国内19家旅游上市公司的面板数据,运用Malmquist指数方法进行计算分析,得出在样本期内平均全要素生产率是上升的,且全要素生产率的增长源于效率提升和技术进步的结论,并根据技术效率变动和技术进步变动的水平将19家公司分为5个类别,相应提出针对性的效率提升方向。     

水平井技术在江苏复杂小断块油田的应用

江苏油田地处经济发达的长江金三角地区,该地区地面水网密布、村庄密集,钻井征地费用高、环保要求高;地下断层发育、油藏规模小,属我国东部复杂小断块油田,开发难度大。近年来,由于水平井技术的广泛应用,推动了江苏油田的发展,文章阐述了江苏复杂小断块油田的基本地质特点,系统介绍了水平井技术在江苏油田试验、研究和应用状况,分析了典型油藏应用效果,提出了对水平井应用的认识和建议。     

服务生产率困境的原因分析及改进对策

在服务研究中,学者普遍认为服务业存在着生产率困境,即尽管服务业发展迅速,但服务生产率与制造业相比近几十年并没有出现明显的进步。本文从投入、产出和服务过程三方面对产生困境的原因进行分析,并从强化人、弱化人和需求管理等方面对如何提高服务生产率提出一些措施建议。     

我国高等教育生产率增长、技术进步与效率变化

本文运用Malmquist指数对2003—2008年我国31个省、市、自治区高等教育的生产率变化情况进行分析,然后将其分解为技术进步与效率变化分析生产率变化的动力来源以及各地区的差异,并进一步对高等教育规模扩张与技术进步之间的关系进行研究。研究结果表明:我国高等教育生产率指数显示波动性上升趋势,且主要动力来源于技术进步;高等教育生产率的增长呈现出较大的地区差异性;高等教育的规模扩张与技术进步之间存在显著的负相关关系,当前的技术水平显然不能满足高校的需求。最后针对高等教育生产率变动的特征对高等教育的未来发展提出几点政策建议。