大股东治理机制背景的独立董事功用

独立化后的独立董事会削弱大股东治理机制的有效性,其本身也难以发挥监督经理层、保护股东利益的作用,从而可能诱发股东与经理层之间的利益冲突,损害股东整体利益。基于我国上市公司存在双重委托代理问题及投资者法律保护较弱的现实情况,构建具有中国特色的公司治理结构应从两方面着手:政府选择合适的国家终极产权控制方式和合理的代理人行使国有股股权优化大股东治理;制定和切实实行保护小股东的外部强制规则。     

Institutional failure or market failure?

We investigate the effect of the power of creditors, property rights protection, and institutional quality, on bank profits using a panel of 498 banks from 46 countries. Results show that better institutions and stronger property rights protection reduce bank profits, while stronger power of creditors drives up bank profits significantly. Results imply that better institutions and enhanced property rights protection lead to greater flow of credit allowing firms and investors to undertake more profitable ventures. By extension, stronger creditor rights erect steeper barriers to external finance for firms and investors. National indicators of economic freedoms may be more important to lowering the spread than strict creditor rights. Seemingly, credit markets fail when economic institutions fail or when governments intervene into these markets in ways that impede the safety and soundness of financial transactions and private contracting.     

Why Have Corporate Tax Revenues Declined? Another Look

The relative constancy of non-financial corporate tax revenuesas a share of US GDP masks offsetting trends in the ratio ofcorporate profits to GDP (declining) and the average tax rate(increasing). The average tax rate rose steadily between 1996and 2003, an increase largely attributable to the importanceof tax losses. This rise casts some doubt on the role of taxplanning activities in reducing corporate taxes. So, too, doesthe relative stability of the rate of profit (relative to netassets), which might be expected to have declined had the understatementof profits for tax purposes been increasing. (JEL code: H25,G32)     

当代大学生“见利忘义”现状及分析

本文分析和阐述了见利忘义的含义、对当代社会的影响及在高校大学生中存在的不良现象并分析其原因,进而进行价值观渗透教育。     

浅谈经济利润对企业绩效的评价

在现实生活中,企业的经营目标是多元化的,而利润是最具有代表性的,它对企业经营绩效和决策的评价有着重要影响。本文从经济学的角度比较会计利润和经济利润对企业经营绩效和决策的评价。     

上市公司利润质量恶化的分析

随着我国现代企业制度的建立和发展及证券市场的壮大,投资证券市场的人数也在日益增多。为了更好地选择上市公司,避免投资风险,我们不仅要考虑上市公司利润的高低,而且要考虑其利润的质量,正确判断上市公司的发展前景。     

中国工业企业利益分配格局快速变动的原因分析:1997—2007

本文分析了1997—2007年中国工业企业利益分配格局的演变趋势,以及导致利益分配格局快速变动的主要原因。研究发现,1998—2000年和2003—2007年是中国工业企业利益分配格局发生快速调整的两个时期;1998—2000年的国有企业三年脱困改革是导致该时间段内工业企业利益分配格局快速变化的主要原因;而始于2003年的工业品出厂价格结构性变动,则是导致2003—2007年工业企业利益分配格局快速向资本方倾斜的主要原因。     

动量和反转投资策略在我国股市中的实证分析

本文采用沪深两市1995年前上市的股票作为样本,发现我国股市中也存在明显的动量和反转盈利,且两种效应的强弱与大盘走势相关,当市场为牛市特征时,动量效应明显强于反转效应;当市场为熊市特征时,则反之.经典的CAPM模型无法解释动量和反转盈利的来源,检验表明投资者对不同类型信息的不同反应方式,可以很好解释我国股市中的动量和反转盈利,利用上述检验结果还可以解释我国股市中许多有趣的特征.     

Contestability in bus markets – evidence from the British de-regulated market

Following the 1985 Transport Act in Great Britain, reforms in the provision of bus services continue across Europe and other parts of the world to this day. The British experience, however, remains a key point of study in informing these continuing developments. This article looks at the issue of contestability in bus markets, and tests for the existence of the contestable market in Britain through an examination of fare levels, profit margins and technical efficiencies in 90 identifiable bus markets. The main conclusion is that there is evidence of the contestable market in Britain, however it can hardly be described as widespread, only found to be present in 15 of the 90 markets identified in the sample. The real issue however, particularly with regard to continuing reforms elsewhere in Europe, is the ability of regulatory authorities to maintain competitive and contestable (free) markets and the research suggests that in the face of market forces this is simply not possible. The only conclusion therefore is that contestability in the free market is not sustainable, and thus can only be introduced directly through franchising.     

关于中国股市盈余能否增加居民消费的思考——基于实际余额效应的视角

利用1992年1月－2009年12月的中国城镇居民消费和可支配收入以及上证指数的月度数据,运用协整检验、误差修正模型、格兰杰因果检验和脉）中响应函数分析方法进行实证研究,得出股市的实际余额效应发生转向,股票价格指数上涨使得消费减少。消费与城镇居民可支配收入成正向关系。通过格兰杰因果检验可知,无论从短期还是长期来看,股票价格指数的上涨不是居民消费总额增长的格兰杰原因,居民可支配收入的增加是居民消费增加的格兰杰原因。