产业结构与就业结构相关性的实证分析——以江苏省为例

产业结构和就业结构的调整是国家(地区)经济发展过程的主旋律,近10年来江苏省的就业结构和产业结构的演变趋势不尽相同,为促进二者的协调发展,必须继续发挥民营企业的强势作用,壮大和提升第二产业,加快发展第三产业.     

城市工业用地产出率影响因素及区域比较—— 地级城市面板数据分析

研究目的:发现城市工业用地产出率影响因素及其影响程度和区域差异,提出相应对策以促进工业集约用地。研究方法:根据土地功能理论和经济主体动力学关系导向原则构建城市工业用地产出率双向固定效应模型,利用地级城市面板数据估计并检验工业用地产出率影响因素及作用程度并进行区域比较。研究结果:城市工业用地投资强度、就业密度和全要素生产率对1999年来城市工业用地产出率增长的贡献率分别为21.3%、-7%和85.7%;它们对工业用地产出率的边际贡献由于东中西部工业用地集约度、产业类型、劳动素质不同而呈现出区域差异。研究结论:应遏制各地尤其是中西部工业新区建设中粗放用地行为、促进工业投资并加强工业区生活配套以提升投资强度和就业密度,应在工业用地配置和评价中更加重视全要素生产率指标,应推动中西部地区工业升级并在营商环境、基础设施等方面缩小与东部的差距。     

State enforceability of noncompete agreements: Regulations that stifle productivity!

Noncompete agreements (also known as covenants not to compete [CNCs]) are frequently used by many businesses in an attempt to maintain their competitive advantage by safeguarding their human capital and the associated business secrets. Although the choice of whether to include CNCs in employment contracts is made by firms, the real extent of their restrictiveness is determined by the state laws. In this article, we explore the effect of state‐level CNC enforceability on firm productivity. We assert that an increase in state level CNC enforceability is detrimental to firm productivity, and this relationship becomes stronger as comparable job opportunities become more concentrated in a firm's home state. On the other hand, this negative relationship is weakened as employee compensation tends to become more long‐term oriented. Results based on hierarchical linear modeling analysis of 21,134 firm‐year observations for 3,027 unique firms supported all three hypotheses.     

CHILD CARE PRICES AND MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT: A META‐ANALYSIS

The literature estimates for labor force participation elasticity with regard to child care prices are extensive and varying. While some estimates imply substantial gains from child care subsidies, others find insignificant effects. To determine the causes of the variance, this paper reviews and analyzes the elasticity sizes using estimates from 36 peer‐reviewed articles and working papers in the literature. We start by reviewing the theoretical and empirical aspects related to participation elasticity with regard to child care costs, paying special attention to sample characteristics, methodological aspects, and macro level factors. We conclude by providing a meta‐regression using control variables based on our review of the literature to explain some of the differences between the estimates. As research builds on and improves the methods and assumptions in prior works, elasticity estimates have become smaller over time. This decline might also be partially explained by changes in labor market characteristics. In countries with high rates of part‐time work and very high or very low rates of female labor force participation, we find elasticity rates to be smaller.     

产业转型、就业结构调整与收入分配

本文通过对比中国非农就业的行业分布和收入增长1995—2013年期间四个时间点上的情况,用布朗分解方法分析了收入增长的原因,重点考察了行业分布变化所代表的产业结构调整对收入增长的贡献作用。研究结果表明,中国劳动收入增长的主要原因是市场化改革所带来的收入机制的完善,低技能劳动力的大量供给使中国产业结构向低技能低收入的方向倾斜发展,这不利于整体收入的增长和分配。近年来产业转型对收入增长的贡献作用开始加强,这会成为新时期中国劳动收入的新增长点。     

政府补助企业的主要动机研究——基于我国A股上市公司面板数据的实证检验

上市公司获得的政府补助数额巨大且逐年增长,引起了广泛的质疑,而现有研究对政府补助企业的动机尚无一致的结论。基于理性经济人理论,考虑制度更改和环境变化的影响,以2007—2015年我国上市公司为研究样本,实证检验政府补助企业的主要动机,结果表明：政府补助企业的主要动机在于扩大就业和帮助上市公司“保牌”,最终目的是促进经济的增长;而增加税收和帮助上市公司达到配股要求不是政府补助企业主要考虑的因素,也没有明显证据证明国有企业比民营企业更容易获得政府补助。应完善资本市场退市制度,加强对政府补助的审批和监管,提高政府补助的资源配置效率,并积极引导政府补助发挥更好的社会效益。     

Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment

This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and tourism employment. Data collected using netnography and interviews are used to identify the strategies that Polish workers in the UK use to develop their language skills. The paper highlights the roles played by co-workers, co-nationals and customers in migrants’ language learning, both in the physical spaces of work and the virtual spaces of internet forums. It also shows how migrant workers exchange knowledge about the use of English during different stages of their migration careers: prior to leaving their country of origin and getting a job, during their employment and after leaving their job. Implications for academic inquiry and human resource management practice are outlined.     

疫情下毕业大学生就业支持调查

当前疫情背景下我国整体经济受到重创,就业机会减少。本次研究从新冠疫情背景入手,以2020届高校毕业生为研究对象,在高校内展开问卷调查,根据调查数据系统分析大学生就业基本形势和就业情况,为对毕业生就业情况进一步解读,本次研究采用了Logistics回归法。从中发掘内在规律,针对其规律促使学校、企业更加清楚了解这八个变量在毕业生中的影响力,从而做出具体的相关的改进措施。     

西部大开发以来宁夏产业结构与就业结构的相关性分析

本文从宁夏产业结构的演变入手,通过考察产业结构与就业结构之间的相关关系发现,第二产业内部结构"重型化"与第三产业发展相对滞后是造成宁夏就业规模难以伴随经济高增长而不断扩大的症结所在,并据此提出了一条经济增长与扩大就业相协调的产业结构调整路径。     

城市人口流动的灰色关联分析

以泰州市为例,收集了2002—2009年的多方面的数据,对人口的构成及其发展进行了分析;利用灰色关联分析对数据进行处理,通过关联度的计算,指出城乡收入差距是引起人口流动的主要原因,给出了相关建议,促进农村人口流动与就业的协调发展。