Technical Inefficiency and Production Risk in Rice Farming: Evidence from Central Luzon Philippines*

There have been many previous studies of technical inefficiency in rice production in the Philippines, but none has focused simultaneously on production risk and technical inefficiency at the farm level. Rice production is inherently risky because of the heterogeneous production environment. In this study, we analyze technical inefficiency in a rainfed lowland rice environment in Central Luzon using a stochastic frontier production function with a heteroskedastic error structure. An 8‐year panel dataset collected from 46 rainfed rice farmers was used to estimate flexible functional specifications. Over the whole period, the average technical efficiency was found to be 79 percent. Results indicate that there is a high degree of variability in technical efficiency estimates, which can be attributed to the instability of farming conditions in the rainfed lowland environment. Mean output was signifificantly influenced by area planted to rice, labor and the amount of fertilizer used. Consequently, these inputs were found to be risk‐increasing, whereas herbicide was found to be a risk‐reducing input.     

基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究

应用供应链管理的思想,结合我国物流信息平台建设的实际情况,从供应链管理的角度对现代物流信息平台的主要目标和功能进行研究,并设计平台的总体结构框架和详细功能,最后给出平台构建的策略和原则。     

Identifying terms of trade shocks in a developing country using a sign restrictions approach

Using annual data for Botswana from 1960 to 2012, we examine the responses of macroeconomic variables to four generalized positive terms of trade shocks – global demand, globalizing, sector-specific and global supply. A sign-restricted structural vector autoregression model with a penalty function is estimated to identify the four possible shocks. While positive global demand and globalization shocks are both expansionary, they have opposite effects on inflation. A positive commodity market specific shock dampens real GDP growth and is inflationary, suggesting a possible Dutch disease response. A negative global supply shock suppresses both output growth and inflation. All but the last shock leads to a significant declining interest rate. Monetary policy contraction is recommended for the first shock and expansion for the others.     

The Research on Regional Public Management＇ s Evaluation Based on the Theory of DEA ： Date from the Pan- Pearl River Delta

将在理论经济学中应用的DEA理论推广到公共管理研究中,通过实证分析研究指出泛珠江三角洲区域公共管理中存在的优势及不足,为在中国整体区域推进公共管理能力提升提出了建设性意见。     

Agricultural landowners⿿ response to incentives for afforestation

Previous research has shown that afforestation of agricultural land is a relatively low-cost option compared to energy-based approaches for mitigating net carbon dioxide emissions, and that financial incentives affect landowner behavior and can be used to increase carbon sequestration on private land. In this paper we use stated preference data from private landowners in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. to examine the key factors affecting participation in an incentive program for carbon sequestration through afforestation. We also estimate the corresponding potential for carbon sequestration and its cost. Our results suggest that incentive payments would significantly and positively affect landowners⿿ level of enrollment in a tree planting program.     

构建与主体功能区建设相协调的财政转移支付制度研究

本文在明确界定财政转移支付的概念及其分类的基础上,详细阐述了建立与主体功能区建设相协调的转移支付制度的必要性,然后深刻剖析现行转移支付制度在满足主体功能区上的缺陷与不足,最后结合我国实际情况,提出了构建与主体功能区建设相协调的财政转移支付制度的政策建议。     

论教育自由与人才培养的关系

本文横向解剖了以美国哈佛大学为例的自由教育,纵向分析了教育史上的几个重要时期,同时探讨了人的自由本性;通过对教育自由与人才培养之间关系问题的多角度分析,首次提出了教育的自组织理论。该理论认为：只有独立的、自由的、开放的教育才能够充分发挥其自组织功能,才能够培养出原创性人才;中国的教育要想能够培养出创造性人才,必须改变对人的生命和人的教育以及政治理性与教育理性关系的基本理念。     

试论政府审计对行政权力的监督和制约——兼论政府审计职能定位

本文从加强对行政权力的监督和制约的必要性及我国行政权力监督和制约机制的现状分析入手，通过对政府审计在对行政权力的监督和制约中所发挥的作用的研究，提出了应对政府审计的职能进行重新定位的观点，并对进一步发挥政府审计的职能作用进行了探讨。     

对财政收入高速增长的思考——比例、用途与平衡

我国财政收入近年来高速增长,政府在国民收入分配中的比例逐渐加大。这种变化趋势虽然在近期内为相关财税制度变革提供了条件,但某些公共产品供给的相对规模并没有随着财政收入的高速增长而有显著提高。在财政收入高速增长过程中,地方财政能力的改善以及财政支出结构的优化仍然是重要课题。同时,为了应对财政收入增长波动,应该建立并完善相关的预防措施。     

西方空间集聚—扩散理论及北京城区功能的扩散

已被世界上许多国家区域经济发展实践验证的西方空间集聚一扩散理论，是对区域经济发展中带有普遍性特征规律的理论表述。以这一理论为基础，结合北京城区集聚不经济的实际，加快北京城区工业企业、事业单位和与此相伴的住宅、商业用房、交通枢纽、第三产业的择情扩散，保证有效扩散的法律、税制、规划、政府职能、中小城镇、乡镇企业的发展和网络建设等相关环境的建设步伐，是促使北京作为国家首都、世界城市、文化名城、宜居城市功能有效发挥和提升京津冀区域经济合作等级的重要步骤。