石油物流网络的建构及其实现途径

随着当前社会与经济的发展,对于石油等能源物质的需求量不断增加,石油在物流运输过程中所产生的成本也在不断提升。为降低我国石油物流运输工作过程中的成本,需要对当前石油物流的整体发展进行研究,并且基于此构建中国石油物流网络系统,从而使石油物流网络的整体运转效率得到提升并且降低成本。     

建筑工程高处坠落事故发生原因及预防措施探讨

在建筑工程的施工过程中,由于现场环境过于复杂,劳动过于密集,很容易发生各种类型的安全事故。建筑工程施工中经常涉及高空作业,所以高空坠落事故的发生几率相对较高。要想保证建筑工程行业的健康发展,就必须加强安全管理,降低高处坠落事故的发生几率。论文重点针对建筑工程高处坠落事故的发生原因进行了详细的分析,并针对性地提出了预防措施,以供参考。     

铁路枢纽工程咽喉区复杂道岔组织施工技术研究

站场咽喉改造需在不影响铁路运营的前提下在封锁点内完成。如何安全、高效、可行地完成施工任务,关键在于制定详细可行的方案,而施工组织是决定方案是否可行的关键。因此,论文结合哈尔滨站咽喉区组合道岔的施工情况,对施工组织设计及施工技术方案进行了论述。     

Carbon Taxes and Joint Implementation. An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis for Germany and India

Germany has committed itself toreducing its carbon emissions by 25 percent in2005 as compared to 1990 emission levels. Toachieve this goal, the government has recentlylaunched an environmental tax reform whichentails a continuous increase in energy taxesin conjunction with a revenue-neutral cut innon-wage labor costs. This policy is supposedto yield a double dividend, reducing both, theproblem of global warming and high unemploymentrates. In addition to domestic actions,international treaties on climate protectionallow for the supplementary use of flexibleinstruments to exploit cheaper emissionreduction possibilities elsewhere. One concreteoption for Germany would be to enter jointimplementation (JI) with developing countriessuch as India where Germany pays emissionreduction abroad rather than meeting itsreduction target solely by domestic action. Inthis paper, we investigate whether anenvironmental tax reform cum JI providesemployment and overall efficiency gains ascompared to an environmental tax reformstand-alone. We address this question in theframework of a large-scale general equilibriummodel for Germany and India where Germany mayundertake JI with the Indian electricitysector. Our main finding is that JI offsetslargely the adverse effects of carbon emissionconstraints on the German economy. JIsignificantly lowers the level of carbon taxesand thus reduces the total costs of abatementas well as negative effects on labor demand. Inaddition, JI triggers direct investment demandfor energy efficient power plants produced inGermany. This provides positive employmenteffects and additional income for Germany. ForIndia, joint implementation equips itselectricity industry with scarce capital goodsleading to a more efficient power productionwith lower electricity prices for the economyand substantial welfare gains.     

Wood Fuel or Carbon Sink? Aspects of Forestry in the Climate Question

This paper discusses and contrasts two mainroles of forestry in light of the debate on theglobal climate. As the main problem is relatedto the increases of the CO₂-concentrationin the atmosphere, forests may be viewed aspart of the alleviation of the problem throughtheir function as (i) a source of biomass forenergy production, which may replace fossilfuels and thus indirectly reduceCO₂-emissions, and as (ii) carbon storage,since a growing forest extracts atmosphericCO₂ and fixes it as carbon in biomass. Inthe Scandinavian forestry, logging residues areincreasingly being used for energy production.In this paper the value of forests as a sourceof bioenergy is added to the traditional timbervalue. Formulated as a joint production modelwithin the Faustmann framework, the effect ofthis addition on the optimal rotation length isdiscussed. Based on data for spruce, thedominant species in the Scandinavian forestry,it is demonstrated that the rotation length isshortened compared to the standard Faustmannmodel. Shorter rotation length implies lesscarbon storage. Therefore, in this modelwithout explicit regard to the social carbonstorage value of the forest, the gains in termsof the climate problem from utilisation offorest biomass for energy production are beingdiminished by the value of reduced carbonstorage. The carbon value of the forest is thenadded to complete the model, with the effect ofincreasing the rotation length, a result thatis well known in the literature. Finally, theempirical effects of the interaction of thesetwo climate-related value elements of theforest are discussed.     

我国金融监管法律制度的反思与改造

作为部门行政法律制度建构的一部分,金融监管法律制度在国家经济生活中具有十分重要的作用。目前我国的金融监管法律制度还存在着较大的缺陷,突出表现在金融监管立法不完备,法律、法规混杂、重复、遗漏及空白之处甚多,对监管主体的规定存在缺失,央行的独立监管地位弱化,关于金融监管的手段、方法的规定不完善,以致造成执法缺乏力度。在国外资金大量涉入国内、国际金融及监管规则约束国内的金融机构之前,必须完备我国的金融监管法律制度。     

创新型建筑企业人力资源管理研究

创新需要人力资源的支持。建筑企业四种基本创新活动对人力资源的要求不一样,建筑企业应评析其经济性,选择适宜的创新活动,满足各种创新活动对人力资源的特殊要求,创新人力资源的管理理念、管理体系、培训体系、激励约束机制,提供有利的条件,使创新顺利进行。     

Can the Risks of the Kyoto Mechanisms be Reduced Through Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from the Swedish AIJ Program

Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors.     

Joint implementation under asymmetric information and strategic behavior

Joint Implementation (JI) under the Framework Convention on Climate Change means that countries could partly offset their national abatement commitments by investing in CO₂ abatement projects abroad. JI is introduced as a mechanism for achieving a certain global abatement target less costly by separating the commitments from the implementation of measures. This paper studies the design of a JI contract when the investor has incomplete information about the foreign firm which carries out the JI project (the host). Asymmetric information leads to a decrease in the potential cost savings from JI. Furthermore, private information held by the potential host firm could give the firm a significant positive utility of participating in JI projects. The possibility of being a host for a JI project in the future can prevent potential host firms from investing in profitable abatement projects today. The paper analyzes the impact on emissions of CO₂ of strategic behavior among potential hosts for JI projects.     

由宁夏中部地区的资源开发看生态建设的整体性

宁夏中部地区是宁夏乃至全国的土地资源及能源的重点开发区域。但是，由于其生态环境具有强烈的过渡性、复杂性和脆弱性，以往的资源开发活动已经造成了森林退缩、草场退化、土地沙化、水土流失与土壤盐渍化等一系列生态环境问题。文章指出上述生态问题的产生也是人们在资源开发过程中非整体性行为的作用结果，为此，生态建设要作为一项全社会参与的“系统工程”，从生态经济建设、生态文化建设、生态体制建设与生态工程建设等几个侧面共同入手，只有这样，才能保有以往的生态建设成果，实现本区域生态系统的良性循环。