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11.
从上市公司的角度,分析了我国CDM项目交易的有效性,即将衡量碳交易有效性的标准设定为能够使企业股票产生价值溢价,实证检验了碳交易对我国A股上市公司股市表现的影响。检验结果显示,上市公司发布CDM项目注册公告当日,能给上市公司带来显著为正的异常收益率;对事件窗及事件发生后15个交易日的检验显示,公告没有使股市产生显著为正的累计异常收益率。对沪市和深市的对比检验表明,上市公司发布公告当日,两市的反应存在较大的差别。  相似文献   
12.
Summary

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of paricalcitol injection compared with calcitriol injection when used to reduce parathyroid hormone levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis. A decision tree was developed to model the 1-year costs and outcomes of therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism from a US government payer's perspective (2005 US$). Probabilities of hospitalisations and survival with paricalcitol and calcitriol were obtained from published observational studies.

When only drug costs and survival were considered, the incremental cost effectiveness of paricalcitol over calcitriol was $9,900 per life saved. When utilities were included, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for paricalcitol compared with calcitriol was $13,200 per quality-adjusted life year. When both drug and hospitalisation costs were included in a cost analysis, paricalcitol treatment was cost saving compared with calcitriol, and when hospitalisation costs were included in both the cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis paricalcitol demonstrated first-order dominance, cost savings and cost effectiveness.

This decision analysis demonstrated that paricalcitol injection is both cost effective and cost saving compared with calcitriol injection.  相似文献   
13.
依据可获取的描述基金经理人特征变量的统计信息,以沪深两市2011年746只基金作为研究样本,通过逻辑回归检验了基金绩效与基金经理人特征之间的关系。与大多数研究结果不同的是,实证结论表明,年龄、学历、其他教育背景、性别、工作年限、专业背景对基金绩效均没有显著的影响,而基金经理管理的基金数对绩效有显著的正向影响。同时对于投资于股票市场的基金,管理人单独决策的效率产生的收益超过团队协作带来的收益,从而使得基金管理的人数对绩效产生了冲击。另外,替换基金经理对基金的绩效可能有负的影响。  相似文献   
14.
Objectives: To examine treatment patterns, treatment effectiveness, and treatment costs for 1 year after patients with rheumatoid arthritis switched from a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab), either cycling to another TNFi (“TNFi cyclers”) or switching to a new mechanism of action (abatacept, tocilizumab, or tofacitinib) (“new MOA switchers”).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used administrative claims data for a national insurer. Treatment persistence (without switching again, restarting, or discontinuing), treatment effectiveness (defined below), and costs were assessed for the 12-month post-switch period. Patients were “effectively treated” if they satisfied all six criteria for a treatment effectiveness algorithm (high adherence, no dose increase, no new conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, no subsequent switch in therapy, no new/increased oral glucocorticoids, and <2 glucocorticoid injections). Multivariable logistic models were used to adjust for baseline factors.

Results: The database included 581 new MOA switchers and 935 TNFi cyclers. New MOA switchers were 39% more likely than TNFi cyclers to persist after the switch (odds ratio [OR]?=?1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?1.12–1.74; p?=?.003) and 36% less likely to switch therapy again (OR?=?0.64; 95% CI?=?0.51–0.81; p?p?=?.006). New MOA switchers had 16% lower drug costs than TNFi cyclers (cost ratio?=?0.84; 95% CI?=?0.79–0.88; p?p?Limitations: Claims payments may not reflect rebates or other cost offsets. Medical and pharmacy claims do not include clinical end-points or reasons that lead to new MOA switching vs TNFi cycling.

Conclusions: These results support switching to a new MOA after a patient fails treatment with a TNFi, which is consistent with recent guidelines for the pharmacologic management of established rheumatoid arthritis.  相似文献   
15.
Abstract:

The instrumental-ceremonial dichotomy is the analytical concern emphasized in instrumental analysis by original institutional economists for making welfare decisions. Paul Dale Bush and Wolfram Elsner explained that warranted criteria are required in order to conduct instrumental analysis. The concern for criteria led to an examination of multiple criteria decision analysis in health technology assessment in order to improve instrumental analysis. Health technology assessment (HTA) is one of the most active and extensive areas of analysis for policy making because medical technology changes very rapidly, expenditures on it are high and growing, it can harm as well as help, and there is intense personal concern by citizens who want wellness. Although HTA, especially with regard to the analysis of multiple criteria, has made considerable progress, its appraisal has been a disappointment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critique aspects of multiple criteria HTA in order to further develop instrumental analysis.  相似文献   
16.
与一般药物相比,疫苗具有外部性、保护率和作用时间不确定等特性,因此疫苗的经济学评价应当有其特殊性.本文回顾了近十几年世界有关疫苗经济学评价的研究报道,综合概括了疫苗经济学评价方法的最新进展.本文讨论的主要内容包括间接成本法、边际成本法、选择合适流行病学模型测量健康结果、成本和效果的贴现等.  相似文献   
17.
李晓明  李英  张飒乐  冯香艳 《价值工程》2010,29(23):214-215
神经传导通路是人体解剖学中神经系统最好的总结、串联部分,传统的教学法无法适应时代对学生的培养要求,借用这个机会,合理地使用案例式教学,可以大大提高教学质量。同时举一反三,也是一个年轻教师尝试案例教学法教学,提高自身素质的一个很好的切入点。  相似文献   
18.
增长极战略的实现机制与中国实践模式的重构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
增长极理论是20世纪50年代新古典区域均衡发展理论遭遇危机之后的新选择,但自其诞生以来由于缺乏成功案例的支持而备受争议。我国区域非均质、不平衡使得增长极模式备受推崇,但在发展中同样遭遇困境。鉴于理论与现实鲜明的反差,以增长极的实现机制为切入点剖析了该理论的不足,指出我国三大增长极在实践中存在政府依赖刚性、自我发展能力弱、关联效应差等问题,认为完整的增长极实现机制应包括形成机制、运行机制和扩散机制,并从这三大机制入手重构了中国增长极的实践模式,提出相关政策建议。  相似文献   
19.
Abstract

Background:

Tiotropium has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease characterized by a persistent and progressive airflow limitation.

Objectives:

To present a systematic literature review of the cost effectiveness of treatment with tiotropium compared with other currently used treatments for COPD.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed via PubMed, the Cochrane database, and EMBASE from 2002 to 2009. Methods and results by study design and by country were compared.

Results:

Seventeen studies were included in the review. Study designs were characterized as follows: modeling based on clinical trial data, and empirical analysis based on either clinical trial or observational data. Comparing monotherapy regimens (12 studies), all study designs found that treatment with tiotropium was associated with lower costs for hospitalisation and other non-drug services. Total costs, including the costs of maintenance drugs, were lower with tiotropium in some, but not all, of the studies. Tiotropium was shown to be cost effective based on commonly accepted benchmark values. Limitations of the review included the wide variety of outcome measures used in different studies, the limited number of observational database studies for monotherapy, and limited data for combination therapy regimens.

Conclusions:

The main conclusions of the economic evaluations derived from clinical trial data at the time of product approval and from later observational data reflecting clinical use are similar: use of tiotropium monotherapy is associated with lower hospital and other non-drug costs and better health outcomes and is either cost saving or cost effective compared with other maintenance monotherapies.  相似文献   
20.
Teamwork is widely adopted in organisations. Although much evidence indicates that using person‐organisation (P‐O) fit as a selection criterion benefits individual employees, little is known about how this practice influences team functioning. Drawing on the input‐mediator‐outcome model and the research on value congruence, this study built and tested a model that links P‐O fit in recruitment to work teams' performance. Based on data collected from team members, team leaders, human resources managers, and chief executive officers in 96 firms, we found that P‐O fit in recruitment had a positive relationship with team performance and that intrateam trust mediated the relationship between P‐O fit in recruitment and team performance. Further, this mediated relationship existed only when the organisation had a weak, rather than strong, respect‐for‐people culture. This study contributes to the P‐O fit and team literature and has practical implications for human resources practices and team management.  相似文献   
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