遥感技术在青海刚察县草畜平衡研究中的应用

［目的］刚察县草地资源丰富,是青海省环湖重点牧区之一,文章利用遥感技术对刚察县草地生物量进行了遥感估算,并在此基础上分析其载畜平衡状况,以期为刚察县草地资源利用、生态环境保护和区域经济可持续发展提供参考依据。［方法］利用2016—2018年刚察县的遥感数据、地面样方调查数据进行生物量估算,并利用牧业统计数据计算载畜平衡指标,在此基础上分析其载畜平衡状况。［结果］（1）指数函数可以较好地模拟NDVI与生物量之间的相关关系,指数方程为：y=60137e093x（R2=066）。（2）2015年植被生物量较2010年有所增加,而2018年平均生物量较2010年持平,这一特征主要与气候和降水条件有关,2018年降水量较少、气候较干旱。2015年冬春草场生物量较2010年基本持平,2018年较2010年有下浮下降; 2015年和2018年夏秋草场比2010年均有小幅提高。（3）基于遥感估算的草地生物量结果和刚察县的补饲情况进行了草畜平衡情况分析,结果显示,2010年超载率为2308%,为超载; 2011年超载率为511%,2015—2017年分别为602%、690%、929%,均为草畜平衡。［结论］草畜平衡政策实施后,刚察县在减少草原可利用面积后,通过补饲减缓了天然草场的载畜压力,天然草场基本达到草畜平衡,有利于该区域草地生态环境的恢复和保护。     

统筹土地确权、分等定级及征地补偿之路径

[目的]从土地管理实际工作中存在的问题出发,通过系统的文献综述与土地管理政策文件学习,发现当前我国土地管理信息化水平低,尤其是农村土地确权、农用地分等定级、征地补偿等工作的目标与实践并未完整统一。例如,当前农用地分等定级并未充分考虑土地的社会功能;此外农村土地确权暂时仅针对"土地承包权",这可能影响"三权分置"的深入实施;进而征地补偿"补多少"、"补给谁"的问题仍然无法彻底解决。导致这些问题的根本原因在于土地管理工作的条块分割,大量基础数据获取有限,网络化的信息服务体系尚未建立等。[方法]《国土资源信息化"十三五"规划》提出了基于国土资源"一张图"发展土地管理"大数据"的战略构想,为统筹农村土地确权、农用地分等定级、征地补偿等工作提供了可行路径。[结果]从智慧农业观测与国土资源"一张图"相整合的思路出发,该文详细论述了构建以土地承包权为基础的土地管理"大数据系统"的可行方案。[结论]通过获取地块尺度、实时更新的"土地质量—土地权属—土地利用"综合信息,提高土地管理数据获取能力和信息服务能力,更好服务我国土地管理与科学研究各项工作。     

消费者对偏远地区特色农产品的购买行为及其影响因素研究——基于2 027个消费者样本数据的考察

目的 准确把握偏远地区特色农产品市场的需求特点和消费规律,对于偏远农村地区持续巩固脱贫攻坚成果、进一步实现乡村振兴意义深远。方法 文章基于2 027位消费者问卷调查数据,建立二元 Logistic模型分析偏远地区特色农产品消费的影响因素。结果 （1）家庭成员结构、职业、收入水平对偏远地区特色农产品购买行为具有显著影响;（2）购买动机、购买渠道、获取农产品供给信息的途径对偏远地区特色农产品购买行为具有显著影响;（3）农贸市场变量与溢价支付意愿呈正向显著关系,线下仍然是消费者选购农产品的主要渠道;（4）种植与营销供给质量对消费者农产品购买行为具有显著影响。结论 该文提出了偏远地区加大绿色和有机特色农产品种植,优化传统农产品市场批发流通网络,不断提升偏远地区特色农产品知名度和美誉度等政策建议。     

北京技术市场支撑全国科技创新中心建设监测体系及实证研究

技术市场是北京建设全国科技创新中心的重要抓手。为科学监测技术市场在全国科技创新中心建设中的作用，构建了一套监测指标体系，同时结合“十一五”以来的数据开展实证分析，客观反映十年间的发展趋势，探索北京技术市场在支撑全国科技创新中心建设中存在的问题。结果显示，北京技术市场在支撑全国科技创新中心建设中的作用日益明显，但依然存在对周边地区技术辐射不够、重点产业发展驱动力有待加强等问题。在监测结果基础上，提出了相关对策建议。     

长宁区医用X射线装置周围环境辐射监测及分析

为了了解长宁区医用射线装置辐射防护现状,论文提出了两种快速判别泄露点位的方法并验证其可行性。依据相关要求,论文对29家单位共52台X射线装置周围环境辐射水平进行了监测。结果显示,测点最大年有效剂量估算值在8.6×10^-3~1.41×10^-1mSv,对探头屏蔽与否的监测结果相差较大。监测结果均满足GB 18871—2002对公众剂量的限制要求,因此,论文提出的探头屏蔽准直判别法和旋转视线法可行并有效。     

影响遥感应用项目管理的关键因素探讨

随着商业航天的蓬勃发展,政府企业用户对遥感业务的需求量逐渐增强,遥感企业迫切需要提升公司项目管理水平,以迎接此次机遇和挑战。论文就影响遥感应用项目管理的范围、进度、风险、沟通进行了探讨,并给出了一些适用于中小企业发展遥感应用项目管理的建议。     

Do consumers use tipping to monitor service? Role of power and embarrassment

Tipping is regarded as a buyer monitoring mechanism. By rewarding good service (by giving larger tips), and punishing bad service (by giving smaller tips), consumers can contribute to enhance service quality. However, in this paper, we show that not all consumers use tipping to evaluate service. In three experiments, we demonstrate that based on the level of power consumers feel they have, they punish/reward service differently. Specifically, we show that low-power consumers are less likely than high-power consumers to punish poor service quality (Studies 1 and 2). We find that leaving small tips (in low service quality scenarios) makes low-power consumers anticipate embarrassment. These anticipations mediate the interaction effect of service quality and power on consumer tip size (Study 3).     

Do promotion and prevention focus influence impulse buying: The role of mood regulation,shopping values,and impulse buying tendency

Earlier researchers have observed that an individual consumer's mood plays a significant role in increasing the impulsiveness, which leads to impulsive buying. The literature on shoppers' motivational traits has profoundly acknowledged the impact of these traits and mood regulation constructs on individual shopping values. The present study is a pioneer attempt proposing a comprehensive model, which incorporates three main antecedents (motivation, mood and value) of buying behaviour that influence the consumer purchasing decision. The paper empirically explores the liaison between the regulatory focus (promotion-focused and prevention-focused motivations), mood regulation (mood monitoring, mood clarity and mood repair), shopping values (hedonic and utilitarian), and impulsive buying behaviour. The outcomes suggest that two regulatory focus motives influence mood clarity. Mood repairing and mood monitoring impact hedonic shopping values, which has a substantial impact on consumers' impulsive buying tendency. The paper closes with theoretical and practical inferences, limitations, and discussion on the potential scope for future research.     

Financial consequences of competitive set choice

This study examines the financial consequences of competitive set choice using a sample of 312 hotels in a major metropolitan area in the United States. We document existence of asymmetric competitor monitoring, finding just 55% of monitoring is reciprocal; that is, about half of managers “agree,” by virtue of monitoring one another, on being direct competitors. Monitoring reciprocity is positively associated with performance through average daily rates. With total revenue unchanged, profits are higher through lower occupancy and lower total costs. We examine alternative competitive sets formed using strategic groups- and customer-based approaches, comparing these to actual compsets. We found that performance declines when managers deviate from these alternative sets. Post-hoc analyses provide insight on how overlapping compsets impact rates, occupancy and revenue. Our study is of value to academics and practitioners, providing evidence on the financial impact of competitive monitoring, and insights for managers who choose competitive sets.     

Playing for keeps: local government distortion of depreciation accruals in response to high-stakes public policy-making

Use of discretionary accounting accruals has long been recognized as a vehicle for earnings management in the private sector. More recently, evidence has emerged suggesting that public officials may similarly manipulate discretionary accruals in order to achieve ‘balanced’ operating results. This paper extends the previous literature on the manipulation of depreciation accruals to the realm of high-stakes public policy-making.