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91.
OFDM系统中基于自适应调制和ARQ的PHY-MAC跨层设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
\"337条款\"属于美国当地的\"行政救济\",最早见于《1930年关税法》第337节而得名。\"337条款\"与\"301条款\"一起构成了美国对外贸易报复手段的\"两支大棒\"。对于美国企业来说,\"337条款\"调查程序通常比反倾销对申诉方更为有利。与司法救济相比,\"337条款\"证据要求更低,时间更紧,力度更大。\"337条款\"与国际通行规则的矛盾,深刻地反映了美国在国际贸易中一味突出本国利益,独断专行的贸易保护主义倾向。从本质上来说,\"337条款\"是美国从\"自由贸易政策\"向\"保护贸易政策\"转换的具体体现,其单边贸易制裁措施的属性不仅扰乱了多边贸易体制的稳定性,而且严重伤害了其他国家的利益,引起了国家间的利益冲突。 相似文献
92.
Jessie H. Chen‐Yu Jiangman Guo Beverly Kemp‐Gatterson 《Family and consumer sciences research journal / American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences》2009,37(4):535-549
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of household fabric softeners on the thermal comfort of fabrics after repeated laundering cycles. Several textile properties can influence thermal comfort of a garment. This study focuses on two of these properties, air permeability and water vapor transmission. A 3 × 2 × 3 experimental design was developed with three fabric softener treatments (i.e., rinse‐cycle softener, dryer‐sheet softener, and no softener), two fabric types (i.e., 100% cotton and 100% polyester), and three laundering cycles (i.e., 1, 5, and 25). Results showed that both rinse‐cycle softener and dryer‐sheet softener did not have a significant influence on the air permeability and water vapor transmission of polyester specimens. Significantly different results, however, were found in cotton specimens. The rinse‐cycle softener significantly decreased the air permeability of cotton specimens, but the dryer‐sheet softener did not. Repeated launderings had a greater effect on the reduction of air permeability of cotton specimens treated with the rinse‐cycle softener than the dryer‐sheet softener. For the water vapor transmission, both rinse‐cycle softener and dryer‐sheet softener treatments significantly decreased the water vapor transmission of cotton specimens. The influence of softener treatment started right after the first laundering cycle. Repeated launderings did not cause significant differences in the effect of fabric softener treatments on water vapor transmission. 相似文献
93.
Brand equity has emerged as a critical aspect of marketing, but its effect on consumer behavioral intentions from a developing country perspective has not been sufficiently examined. This study proposes that country of origin and product type will moderate the relationships between brand equity, consumer repeat purchase intentions, and word of mouth. Data were collected from 157 customers and analyzed with regression analysis. Our results confirm the moderating role of COO such that favorable COO weakens the impact of brand equity on consumers' behavioral intentions. Product type was not significant. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented as well as the limitations, and future research opportunities are discussed. 相似文献
94.
余再山 《湖北财经高等专科学校学报》2007,19(5):52-53
《诗经》结构形式上重章叠句的特点对近体诗词的格律有明显的影响。重章叠句的主要功能是反复、强调。诗词格律中的用韵和平仄粘对也是循环反复的。《诗经》对近体诗词格律的影响体现了文学艺术形式发展的一般规律。 相似文献
95.
《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2012,60(2):100-118
Abstract This article analyses the mass layoffs carried through by the Swedish Tobacco Monopoly in 1921. As a state-owned enterprise, the Tobacco Monopoly was expected to treat its employees with particular care but was not restricted by formal rules regarding the order of selection. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative evidence, it is shown that the company's layoff policy shifted dramatically over the course of the year. In the spring, the company acted according to existing praxis and applied the seniority principle when releasing workers. In the autumn, when machines for cigar production were about to be installed, the same principle was abandoned. This policy shift should be seen in the light of technological change. As cigar machines were introduced, the company no longer needed experienced workers for training new workers. The seniority principle for layoffs was never applied again in the industry for the rest of the inter-war period. 相似文献
96.
Kamel Mellahi 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(13):2291-2305
Workforce downsizing has become a popular human resource practice by management over the last few decades. But surprisingly its impact on a number of organizational outcomes remains ambiguous. In this study we examine the link between different types of employee downsizing and organizational innovativeness. Our results, based on a survey of UK firms, indicate that the impact of workforce downsizing on innovation is contingent on the speed of implementation and the motive for downsizing. Contrary to expectations, the results reveal that the size of the workforce reduction has no significant impact on innovation. 相似文献
97.
This study reports the results of an investigation of the relation between one measure of the performance of firms, work injuries, and the number of first level supervisors for 140 chemical, paper, and wood product manufacturing firms. Additional numbers of supervisors were found to be associated with lower work injuries in most cases, and the cost of such additional supervision was found to be partially justified in terms of the reduced costs of work injuries, although there was considerable variation across industry. 相似文献
98.
Robert A. Miller 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,58(1-3):219-225
In an era of downsizing and disposable ethics, there is a need to redefine the role of business in society. Central to such a discussion is the frame of reference of the entrepreneur. A traditional business model defines entrepreneurship based on endowing resources with new wealth producing capabilities. This paper defines entrepreneurship as a calling to endow resources with new value. In support of the impact such a distinction would have on repositioning the role of business in society, the paper weaves together writings from the Pope, Drucker, and Lonergan, with emphasis on applying Lonergan’s discussion of bias to the discussion of ethics in business. Adapting the term, “lifesizing”, which was coined by the author in a previous article, to entrepreneurship, the paper takes the position that lifesized entrepreneurship can act as a catalyst similar to Lonergan’s cosmopolis and play a key role in countering bias and repositioning the role of business in society. 相似文献
99.
This study examines the impact of employee experiences of restructuring and downsizing on well‐being. The job demands‐resources model was used to develop hypotheses related to job demands in the form of work intensity and job resources in the form of consultation. The job demands‐resources model allows for direct incorporation of employee perceptions and does not assume a singular, predetermined consequence of HRM practices. Hypotheses were tested via structural equation modelling on a nationally representative sample of over 5,110 employees from the Republic of Ireland in 2009. The findings indicate that work intensity serves as a conduit through which experiences of restructuring and downsizing negatively impact employee well‐being. Notably, consultation served as a buffer, diminishing the extent of this negative experience. The findings illuminate the complex pathways that shape how restructuring and downsizing are perceived by employees and the consequences for well‐being. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings. 相似文献
100.
Optimal firm size and patterns of returns to scaleamong the local exchange companies in the U.S.telecommunications industry are estimated for theyears: 1975, 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987 and 1990. Theindependent companies display increasing returns toscale, while the Baby Bells display constant ordecreasing returns to scale. The independentcompanies operate at a scale smaller than optimalsize, while the Baby Bells operate at a scale greaterthan optimal size. Efficiencies can be gained byindustry restructuring, by allowing independents toexpand their size while the Baby Bells can bedownsized to create smaller units. 相似文献