On the Persistence of Labour Market Insecurity and Slow Growth in the US: Reckoning with the Waltonist Growth Regime

In this article I systematically incorporate empirical work on rising income inequality and wage stagnation into a regulation theoretic framework for analysing macroeconomic growth. The rise of job polarisation and income inequality coincides with a long period of macroeconomic stagnation, both continuing through to the present (with the exception of a brief period of strong growth and declining inequality in the second half of the 1990s). The corporate scramble to restore profit rates after the crisis of Fordism has transformed the institutional configuration of the political economy. In particular, institutions supporting upward mobility and middle-class incomes in the economy have been eroded by the twin forces of internationalisation (leading to the re-emergence of wage-based competition) and employment externalisation (outsourcing, downsizing, antiunionism, etc). The current growth regime, which may be characterised as Waltonist, based on the Wal-Mart model of buyer-driven global supply chains focused on cutthroat wage-based competition and deunionisation, is not transitional but rather embedded in apparently long-term institutional settlements that amount to a dysfunctional regime.     

Impact of exchange rate regime reform on asset returns in China

Employing monthly data over the period 1999–2010, this paper examines the impact of China's exchange rate regime reform in July 2005 on three major asset markets: house, land, and stocks. We test whether the reform, which switches from a fixed exchange rate regime to a managed floating one, has brought forward structural changes to asset return dynamics. The results suggest that the exchange rate regime switch exerted the most significant impact on house and land returns at the national level, in terms of both returns and their volatilities. In contrast, its impact on China's stock market was moderate, with no structural change being detected in its returns and only weak structural change being found in the dynamics of its volatility. We also find that in comparison with other popular explanatory variables, broad money supply and inflation have the largest explanatory power on housing and land returns in China after the policy reform.     

The Real Effects of Financial Sector Interventions during Crises

We assess the importance of supply‐side credit market frictions by studying the impact of bank recapitalization on firm growth in 50 countries during the recent crisis. Our identification strategy exploits the crisis as a shock to credit supply and combines an exogenous measure of firms’ dependence on external financing with policy interventions aimed at restoring bank capital. We find that the growth of financially dependent firms is disproportionately positively affected by bank recapitalization. This effect is quantitatively important and robust to controlling for other policies. These results provide new evidence of the influence of credit market frictions on economic activity.     

Emerging search regimes: measuring co-evolutions among research,science, and society

Scientometric data is used to investigate empirically the emergence of search regimes in biotechnology, genomics and nanotechnology. Complex regimes can emerge when three independent sources of variance interact. In our model, researchers can be considered as the nodes that carry the science system. Research is geographically situated with site-specific skills, tacit knowledge and infrastructures. Second, the emergent science level refers to the formal communication of codified knowledge published in journals. Third, the socio-economic dynamics indicate the ways in which knowledge production relates to society. Although biotechnology, genomics and nanotechnology can all be characterised by rapid growth and divergent dynamics, the regimes differ in terms of self-organisation among these three sources of variance. The scope of opportunities for researchers to contribute within the constraints of the existing body of knowledge are different in each field. Furthermore, the relevance of the context of application contributes to the knowledge dynamics to various degrees.     

独立董事发言形式化问题研究

依据《2007年沪市上市公司独立董事履职情况分析》及《沪市上市公司2011年度董事、监事和高级管理人员履职情况分析》,考量独立董事发言形式化成因主要有：缺乏独立的选人制度,经济不独立,责权利不对等等。为此,应设置更科学的选人机制,建立独立董事专家库;完善薪酬发放制度,从经济上解决独立性;完善责权利对等机制,督促其履行任职责任。     

固定汇率体系下的货币政策:对未来中国货币政策的探讨

Using a macro dynamic model that is specified for the current Chinese economy, we investigate the monetary policy in China under the assumption that the capital market was “open” under WTO frame-work while the exchange rate was fixed. Our purpose here is to find whether it is possible for China in this case to keep the effective monetary policy for stabilizing the domestic economy. For this, we suggest some institutional arrangements (or restrictions). Given these institutional restrictions, we find that not only the monetary policy can still be effective but also the fixed exchange regime will strengthen the macroeconomic stability shared by both the domestic economy and the economy of its trade partners. The dynamic analysis of the model further shows that the under-valued RMB is necessary for the target exchange rate to be sustainable. Finally, due to the import pattern of the current Chinese economy, RMB appreciation will not help to resolve the trade deficit problem in the Western economy with respect to China.      

深化乡镇机构改革 加强基层政权建设

乡镇政府是我国最基层的政权组织。近些年来,随着村民自治的实行、农业税的取消等一系列国家政策措施的出台,乡村政权结构也发生了巨大变化。但目前的乡镇政府未能及时适应新形势的变化,彻底解决自身存在的问题,如职能转变滞后、自身利益膨胀、乡镇政府债务严重,以及乡镇政府与村民自治之间的矛盾等等,如何进一步深化乡镇机构改革,真正实现乡镇政府职能的彻底转变,将是今后加强基层政权建设的关键点。     

TV-STAR模型在人民币汇率制度转换中的应用

新的人民币汇率制度已经实行了三年多,国内外学术界和国际社会一直不乏对于人民币汇率制度转换问题的讨论和研究。焦点问题之一就是,现行的汇率制度是否真如中国人民银行所宣称的那样,已从简单地与美元挂钩转换为有管理的浮动汇率制度。人民币汇率制度的转换过程应该是渐进的,通过引入非线性理论中的时变平滑转换自回归模型(TV-STAR模型)来拟合从一种制度到另一种制度的平滑转换过程。