Effects of relationship climate, control mechanism, and communications on conflict resolution behavior and performance outcomes

In this two-year study we develop and test a comprehensive model of conflict management. The conceptual model commences by demonstrating the importance of channel members’ past history of interactions as ‘setting the stage’ for members’ present ability to interact, that is, communicate, resolve conflict disputes, and ultimately, culminate in performance outcomes (financial as well as relational). In effect, we track the full gamut of conflict management related constructs in the conceptual model, from antecedent conditions to the consequents of conflict management. Empirical results, utilizing a sample of 282 retailing agents affiliated to a large North American supplier (principal) across two years, indicate strong evidence for fourteen of the eighteen hypotheses drawn from our conceptual model. Specifically, among other effects, data reveal that past history of cooperative versus conflictive orientations and bureaucratic versus trust-based governance mechanisms significantly influence the communication strategies adopted, which in turn determine whether the distributive or integrative conflict resolution behaviors are adopted. Further, the choice of conflict resolution behaviors adopted commensurately influences relational performance, and the type of communication strategy adopted influences financial performance. The paper concludes with a series of managerial implications and an agenda for future research.     

通货膨胀目标制的模式及作用机制浅探

通货膨胀目标制是20世纪90年代兴起的一种新的货币政策框架,目前已经在不同地区、不同类型的国家中得到了广泛的应用,并取得良好的效果。通货膨胀这一经济现象是无法完全消灭的,而其失控会不可避免的对经济各方面造成不良的影响。通胀目标制不同于其他货币制度之处就在于它是在通货膨胀失控之前就采取有效措施来预防,而不是每次都等到损害已经造成后再补救。因此,对通货膨胀目标制的定义、模式、作用机制及政策效果进行分析就很有必要,它为中国的货币政策改革提供了一种选择。     

我国宏观经济周期性特征研究——基于高维机制转换因子模型的考察

本文利用高维机制转换因子模型（LD RS FM）研究大规模经济数据的机制转换特征和经济的周期性特征。借助主成分分析（PCA）和共同因子自回归的二步分析方法,LD RS FM从大规模变量中提炼出维数较小并可以概括经济周期运动的共同因子,在此基础上进行机制转换分析。这些共同因子代表了大部分宏观经济运动的趋势和特征,并具有明显的结构化含义。实证结果表明,LD RS FM在中国宏观经济周期性特征研究方面具有一定的理论和应用价值。     

一维卷积神经网络用于雷达高分辨率距离像识别

针对人工提取高分辨率距离像（HRRP）优良特征比较困难的问题,研究了基于一维卷积神经网络（CNN）的HRRP识别方法。利用CNN具有分层学习特征的能力,训练CNN自动地从HRRP中学习有用的特征并分类。在仿真实验中描述了网络的相关配置,分析了不同激活函数、不同参数、不同网络结构的识别性能,对比了CNN与其他分类器的识别结果,用可视化特征图直观地说明了CNN通过卷积层能够学习到易于分辨的特征。实验结果表明CNN具有很好的识别性能。     

超高分辨率PolSAR图像去噪对极化特征的影响

随着超高分辨率极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像数据的出现,有必要对PolSAR图像的去噪过程对于极化分解结果的影响进行评测。相干斑去噪过程的实施将对观测场景中的PolSAR图像原有极化属性产生不同程度的影响,这将会导致分解结果出现偏差。以非相干分解模型为评估对象,以喷气推进实验室(JPL)提供的开源机载超高分辨率PolSAR系统数据为实验样本,提出了一种利用绝对相对误差的定量评测方法。评测结果显示：对于超高分辨率图像,相干斑噪声的影响明显变小,分解窗口可相应的缩小为7×7的尺寸。研究结果对于PolSAR图像的后期遥感应用中的参数选择具有重要参考意义。     

Determinant Factors and Choice Intention for Chinese Restaurant Dining

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify important selection attributes for customers dining at Chinese restaurants in the state of Indiana, and the determinant and predicting factors in customers' intentions to return. A closed-ended questionnaire was used, and a systematic sampling approach was employed to survey a sample of customers in three Chinese restaurants in Indiana. The data were analyzed using factor and multiple regression analysis. A four-dimensional structure was established from 14 selection attributes. The results of the study indicated four dimensions that were significantly related to the likelihood of customers returning to the same restaurants, as follows: “Food and Environment,” “Service and Courtesy,” “Price and Value,” and “Location, and Advertising and Promotion.”     

Current Account Deficit in Mauritius: Risks and Prospects

Mauritius is often cited by international institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, as a success story in economic development. The island has, since the early 1970s, adopted an export‐led growth strategy to power its economy. However, a constant decline over the last decade in the exports to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio has resulted in a worsening current account to GDP ratio, which is now a cause for concern. Using a three‐regime, self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) model, this paper finds that the Mauritian economy may converge to either of two current account equilibria, namely a deficit of 9% or a surplus of 2.5% on a seasonally adjusted basis. A dynamic simulation exercise suggests that the Mauritian current account is more likely to switch from surplus to deficit equilibrium than from deficit to surplus equilibrium. Given that the prevailing deficit is in the vicinity of the deficit equilibrium, structural policies aiming to boost productivity and efficiency are indispensable for pulling Mauritius out of the “deficit trap,” the more so since the island has been experiencing a continuous erosion of trade preferences, which formerly enabled it to have privileged access for its exports to the EU market.     

Intercultural Discourse Ethics: Testing Trompenaars' and Hampden-Turner's Conclusions about Americans and the French

Are culture driven ethical conflicts apparent in the discourse of the protagonists? A multi-year, multi-cultural study of managers by Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner resulted in two conclusions relevant to business ethics. The first is that intercultural business conflicts can often be traced to a finite set of cultural differences. The second is that enough similarities exist between cultures to provide the grounds for conflict resolution. The research reported here gives credence to their study when applied to an ethical conflict viewed from French and American perspectives.     

Can the “Single Point of Entry” strategy be used to recapitalize a systemically important failing bank?

The Single Point of Entry (SPOE)—the FDIC strategy to implement its new Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority (OLA)—promises to reduce the financial market turmoil caused by the failure of a large complex financial institution by using parent holding company resources to recapitalize its large failing subsidiary banks. We identify legal and financial impediments that may prevent the use of a SPOE strategy for this purpose. Dodd–Frank does not authorize bank recapitalizations through SPOE or otherwise, and the OLA cannot be invoked unless the failure of a subsidiary puts the parent in danger of default. The imprecise legislative language that authorizes OLA creates a new source of systemic risk. Regulations required to operationalize SPOE will require bank holding companies to issue a substantial volume of new subordinated debt, increasing these institutions’ leverage and financial fragility. Unless the Dodd–Frank Act is amended, OLA could well magnify and not reduce market instability in the next financial crisis.     

Inflation,growth, and distribution: The Brazilian economy after the post war

Abstract

Following Marglin and Bhaduri (1990 Marglin, S.A., and Bhaduri, A. “Profit Squeeze and Keynesian Theory.” In S.A. Marglin and J. Schor (eds.), The Golden Age of Capitalism. Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990. [Google Scholar]), the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the interaction between income distribution and growth of aggregate demand during the 1951–89 period in Brazil. Applying Hein and Vogel’s (2008) methodology we conclude that the Brazilian economy showed a profit-led demand regime. In a context of high inflation, high concentration of markets, and wage control, retained profits were the main source to finance new capital. In this sense, we found a large sensitivity of investment relative to the wage share, a result that is compatible with a consumption pattern based on high income, which supported the growth trend with low wages observed during the period.