深度学习技术在海关风险甄别中的应用研究

随着互联网的高速发展和人工智能时代的到来,越来越多从前必须由人脑完成的工作能够利用计算机技术来完成,而深度学习的出现更解决了传统机器学习算法在计算机视觉领域、自然语言处理领域表现不佳的问题,使机器也能够拥有准确感知图像和语音的能力。人脸识别是深度学习网络最常见的应用场景之一,具有自然、直接、方便的特点,且不需要检测对象配合,因此非常适合用于公共安全领域的风险检测。研究充分结合海关实际需求,搭建基于深度学习技术的人脸识别模型,提供对通关旅客进行实时风险甄别的解决方案,以及海关通关风险防控场景的理论参考,为后续深度学习技术在海关业务的研究提供支撑。     

"两头在外"企业的银行融资风险控制

"两头在外"是一种较为特殊的企业经营模式,其核心特点是企业资金的"境外循环",因此对银行的融资风险控制也提出了更高的要求.本文在分析"两头在外"企业经营模式的特点和成因的基础上,结合不同的核销方式以及银行融资的品种对"两头在外"企业的融资风险进行了深入探讨.风险防范不仅取决于企业的贸易方式,而且取决于收汇核销方式等多重因素.因此,实践中必须对企业的贸易方式、收汇核销方式详加分析,否则很容易导致融资品种与融资比例的错配,在此基础上本文提出了控制融资风险的基本原则.     

气候风险冲击与信贷融资收缩的“加速器”效应

基于2004—2013年中国工业企业数据库的数据,构建独特气候风险指标,考察气候风险冲击对企业信贷融资的影响。结果显示：外生气候风险冲击会触发“金融加速器”效应,显著抑制企业信贷融资,尤其对高度依赖银行信贷的企业而言,这种抑制作用更为突出。机制分析显示,气候风险主要通过降低工业产出与销售收入、加速抵押品折旧渠道抑制企业信贷融资。异质性分析显示,气候风险的影响存在所有权和行业异质性,而金融深化有助于缓释气候风险的负面冲击。鉴于此,决策部门应充分关注气候风险对企业经营的“金融加速器”效应,积极推动企业提升应对气候风险的能力,优化金融结构,为企业营造更有利的融资环境。     

ERM-IF、现代风险导向审计对CPA审计风险管理的影响

随着社会各界对审计产品质量的依赖程度越来越高,注册会计师面临的审计风险已大大超越了最初的水平.如何识别、评估、规避审计风险,有效管理审计风险,成为注册会计师行业亟待研究的问题.2004年,美国COSO委员会发布了《企业风险管理整合框架》,提供了风险管理的一种范式.对注册会计师审计风险的管理具有积极的意义,文章就整体风险管理综合框架与现代风险导向审计模式的融合、注册会计师如何运用整体风险管理综合框架进行审计风险管理进行了深入的阐述.     

Spatiotemporal Modeling of Asian Citrus Canker Risks: Implications for Insurance and Indemnification Fund Models

Asiatic citrus canker is a disease that poses a significant hazard to commercial citrus production. This article examines spatiotemporal models of the risks of citrus canker transmission. Models evaluate risks and are used to price annual contracts, which would pay producers a prespecified indemnity in the event that their grove is found to be infected with canker. Implications for risk management policy are discussed.     

Poverty, Risk Aversion, and Path Dependence in Low-Income Countries: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

In most low-income countries, rural households depend on mixed rain-fed agriculture/livestock production, which is very risky. Due to numerous market failures, there are few ways to shift risks to third parties. The literature has focused on what determines the responses of households in such environments. Of special concern are path dependencies in which households experiencing failure are prone to further failure and potential poverty traps. This paper estimates levels and determinants of risk aversion in the highlands of Ethiopia. We find high risk aversion and evidence that constraints have important impacts on risk-averting behavior with perhaps significant implications for long-term poverty. The results also suggest the possibility of path dependence and offer insights into links between risk aversion and poverty traps.     

AIG在次贷危机中所扮演的角色及其启示

美国的次贷危机已经演变成波及全球的金融危机,在此次危机中有许多国际知名的金融企业陷入困境,其中就包括美国国际集团（AIG）。作为全球首屈一指的保险业巨头,AIG在次贷危机中由于流动性不足,从一家纯粹的私人企业变成了“半国有化”的企业,其根源在于制度层面的投资过度集中、风险管理缺失、创新工具滥用,和技术层面的数据充足性、假设准确性、模型有效性等问题。     

出口商信用证风险影响因素分析—基于交易费用理论

本文从交易费用理论角度对信用证风险的影响因素进行了分析,认为买卖双方的信息不对称和信用证本身的制度缺陷引起的机会主义行为是引起风险的因素,提出了出口商可以通过事前防范和事后救济手段来降低交易费用.     

国际金融危机背景下我国外汇储备管理思考

我国外汇储备规模庞大,结构上过度集中于美元和美元资产.这不仅面临美元贬值的汇率风险,还面临美国国债、机构债等产品的市场价值下跌的收益风险以及外汇储备的货币错配风险等.鉴于国际金融危机还可能进一步加深,我国外汇储备管理一方面要扩大内需,主动控制外汇储备规模的快速增长,减少对外汇储备管理所带来的压力.另一方面,在既定的外汇储备规模下,要中长期努力实现币种多元化,渐进地增量减持美元资产,多元化合理利用外汇储备,发挥国家外汇储备的积极作用,进而提出人民币国际化是最终解决中国外汇储备管理问题的长期策略.     

The 4% rule: Does real estate make a difference?

This paper examines the wealth maximisation and preservation effects of including commercial real estate in retirement-phase portfolio management. Prior research addresses the role of real estate during the wealth-accumulation phase of the investor lifecycle; however, little is known about the contribution of real estate during the invest-and-spend, or decumulation, phase. To address this issue, we estimate short-fall risk based on the widely known 4% Rule. We use pricing data for multiple asset classes and simulation techniques, combined with a robust correlation structure, to examine: short-fall risk sensitivity to alternative spending rules; the impact of public vs. private real estate allocations; wealth preservation as an investment objective; and the effect of real estate on upside, or wealth maximisation, potential. We find short-fall risk in a decumulation portfolio decreases with substantial allocations to real estate. This result holds for a portfolio including either public or private real estate. Additionally, and under most conditions, the best performing decumulation-phase portfolios include a real estate allocation with both public and private real estate exposure. These results have significant implications for investors, whether they be retirees, plan administrators or endowments, as well as financial economists studying the lifecycle of investment decisions.