浅谈城市雨水径流控制与资源化利用

本文分析了我国城市雨水特征,结合城市雨水径流资源化利用所存在的种种问题,探讨给出了解决这些问题的相关管理方案,望能够为我国今后的城市可持续发展带来有效的建议。     

石家庄市大气污染预报预警系统建设研究

2013年以来,我国中东部地区发生了多次大范围长时间的雾霾污染,其中以京津冀区域大气污染形势最为严峻。区域型空气重污染现象大范围出现的频次日益增多,严重制约社会经济的可持续发展,威胁人民群众的身体健康。为了解决大气污染防治有关问题,国家、省、市各级政府颁布了各级大气污染防治计划与实施方案,其中涉及优化产业结构与布局,加强清洁能源利用、多污染物协同控制、建立区域管理机制等措施,其中建立区域大气污染预警应急机制也包括在其中。本文将以石家庄市为例,对开展预测预警和加强重污染天气应急管理机制进行探讨。     

机动车尾气污染危害的生成机理与治理发展

本文介绍了汽车尾气对人类健康和生态环境的危害,及其生成机理和影响因素并简述汽车尾气治理与发展。     

公路道路工程施工技术特点与发展探析

近些年来,伴随我国经济社会的跨越式发展,公路道路的建设规模与日俱增,同时,道路建设中所面临的质量问题也备受瞩目。从宏观上讲,道路工程的施工建设直接关乎到交通运输业的运营和发展,也同城市建设的总体规划息息相关,从这个角度看,道路建设的平稳运行,对于维护国家财产安全以及保障广大居民的人身安全有着重要意义。所以,在公路道路的施工中需严把质量关,增强施工技术的水平。本文首先论述道路工程施工过程中所要解决的主要问题,接着分析道路施工技术的特点及发展前景。     

Managing the international commons: Resource use and pollution control

The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

Cost-Effective and Stochastic Dominance Approaches to Stochastic Pollution Control

Most economic studies of pollution externalities focus on the relative efficiency or cost-effectiveness of alternative pollution control instruments. Much less attention has been paid to policy goals and objectives. However, a comprehensive pollution control strategy depends on all of these choices. This paper examines several efficiency properties of cost-effective pollution control strategies in a stochastic setting when economic damages from pollution are unknown. A number of policy goals are considered. In this setting and under a primal approach, it is found that certain stochastic dominance conditions must be satisfied for the strategies to exhibit desirable efficiency properties. A dual approach to cost-effective pollution control, which is based on a stochastic dominance objective, is also considered.     

A Model of Competing Jurisdictions with Locally Polluting Environments and Mobile Populations

In this model we consider a federation consisting oftwo geographically separated Regional states withlocal taxing authority. The residents of thefederation are identical in preferences and haveexplicit tolerance to pollution. Pollution is local innature and is a by-product of production implying amore highly populated region would generate morepollution. Local authorities in the regions can andwill (in the interest of local residents) engage ingame theoretical taxation strategies. The model isused to illustrate that Nash Equilibrium can resultwherein the two regions have different levels ofenvironmental quality. The resulting Nash conditionsimply for instance that residents of the ``cleanregion' will subsidize those in the other region tostay in the more polluted environment (in order foreach to accomplish their preferred consumption andenvironmental quality pair).     

Stock Externality vs. Symbiosis in a Forest-Air System

Stock externalities and ecological interaction have similar equilibrium effects. The influence on the dynamics of an ecosystem, however, is quite different. The different effects are laid out theoretically in the context of a forest-air model. We compare a centralized, welfare-maximizing policy and decentralized policies. Finally, we numerically simulate the dynamic differences between stock externalities and ecological interaction.     

Air Pollution and ‘Dirty’ Industries: How and Why Does the Composition of Manufacturing Output Change with Economic Development?

This paper examines the impact on air pollution ofchanges in the composition of manufacturing output indeveloped and developing countries. Pollutionemissions from manufacturing output are estimated ina manner which holds constant the effect of technologyand regulations allowing the impact of compositional changes alone on pollution to beestimated. The paper has three main findings; (1) theinverted-U estimated between per capita income and thepollution intensity of GDP arises due to both thecomposition of manufacturing becoming cleaner and theshare of manufacturing output in GDP falling.Compositional changes alone are not responsible forthe inverted-U between per capita income and percapita emissions; (2) changes to the composition ofmanufacturing output are consistent with the pollutionhaven hypothesis, however there is clear evidence thatrising per capita incomes are associated with afalling income elasticity of demand for `dirty'products. This fact may explain the compositionalchanges that occur with development; (3) in additionto the income elasticity effect, the analysis suggeststhat land prices and to a lesser extent the prices oflabour and capital, determine the proportion of dirtyindustry within a country's manufacturing sector.     

室内空气污染及防治对策

文章通过对室内空气污染物成因的分析,指出目前室内空气主要污染物为甲醛、苯系物、氨和氡。